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Hydropower and Water Turbines

Hydropower. Hydropower and Water Turbines. Renewable Energy Resources. Objectives:. To design and construct a water wheel, using the principles of hydropower, which will lift the greatest possible load. Demonstrate understanding of the required parts of a hydropower turbine.

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Hydropower and Water Turbines

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  1. Hydropower Hydropower and Water Turbines Renewable Energy Resources

  2. Objectives: • To design and construct a water wheel, using the principles of hydropower, which will lift the greatest possible load. • Demonstrate understanding of the required parts of a hydropower turbine. • Utilize mechanical and conceptual skills through construction and operation of a model hydropower turbine. Hydropower

  3. Does water have energy? • If so, what type of energy? • What does water need to be doing to utilise its energy? Hydropower

  4. Reminder: • Gravitational Potential – energy due to the position of an object. • Chemical Potential – energy present within the chemical bonds of a substance. • Elastic potential – energy of a stretched or compressed object. • Nuclear potential – energy of particles inside an atomic nucleus. • Radiant solar energy – the motion of EMR • Sound energy – the motion of sound waves • Electrical energy – the motion of flowing electrons • Thermal energy – the motion of particles

  5. Hydropower Hydropower and Water Turbines Lake Tyin near Årdal, Norway

  6. According to Norway’s Ministry of Petroleum and Energy • Norway has the world's largest per capita hydropower production. • Norway is the 6th largest hydropower producer in the world. • In a year with normal precipitation, hydropower generation is around 120 Terawatt hours per year, corresponding to approximately 99 % of Norway's total power production. Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

  7. Hydropower History in Norway • The largest hydropower development projects were carried out between 1970 and 1985, when installed capacity increased on an average of 4.1 per cent per year. • Towards the end of the 1980s, Norway’s rate of hydropower development declined. Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

  8. Hydropower History in Norway • Since the beginning of the 1990s, addition of new production capacity has been consistently low. Capacity increased by 800 MW from 1993 to 2005. • The increase in the 1990s was primarily due to refurbishment and upgrading of old power stations, which resulted in better utilisation of existing power stations. Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy

  9. Hydropower in Canada • Provides 60% of Canada’s electricity and is a cornerstone of Canada’s economy. • 3rd Largest hydro producer in the world. • 355 Terawatt hours per year of electricity produced. Source: Canadian Hydropower Association

  10. Comparison of hydropower produced • Norway • 120 Terawatt hours per year (5 million people) • Canada • 355 Terawatt hours per year (35 million people) • Sweden? • 65 Terawatt hours per year (9.5 million people)

  11. Not a “new” idea… Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century)

  12. Hydropower • But far more efficient now! • Converting over 90% of available energy into electricity, hydropower is the most efficient source of electrical energy. • By comparison, the best fossil fuel power plants operate at approximately 60% efficiency. Source: Canadian Hydropower Association

  13. Hydropower • We have seen how it works. • What components make it the most efficient? • Let’s design and test our knowledge.

  14. Most is created when a stored potential energy of water in a reservoir behind a dam is converted to kinetic energy (motion) as it falls through a penstock (pipes and or channels) to a turbine.

  15. Hydropower • The motion of the turbine's electro-magnets interacts with the coils of a generator to create electrical energy.

  16. Hydropower Challenge: • Can you design a water wheel to raise a maximum amount of weight?

  17. Hydropower Challenge: Step 1: Design – Things to consider: a. Fin size (small to larger) b. Fin shape c. Number of fins d. Organization of fins

  18. Source • Adapted from Power Sleuth

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