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French Revolution Study Notes

French Revolution Study Notes. Past Test Questions. Why did Louis XVI fail to satisfy the demands of the revolutionaries in France during the period 1789-1793?. Ancient regime ideals/conservatism Indecisiveness between demands of three estates Catholic church vs. Enlightenment

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French Revolution Study Notes

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  1. French Revolution Study Notes Past Test Questions

  2. Why did Louis XVI fail to satisfy the demands of the revolutionaries in France during the period 1789-1793? • Ancient regime ideals/conservatism • Indecisiveness between demands of three estates • Catholic church vs. Enlightenment • Marie Antoinette/Austria • March on Versailles • Attempted flight to Austria • Brunswick Manifesto(Austria/Prussia)

  3. Explain why Napoleon Bonaparte was able to establish a strong autocratic government in France. • 10 years of chaos • External threats [Prussian and Austrian] • War hero status • Military backing • Promises to uphold the revolution • Spy system/Censorship/Education • Code of Napoleon • Bureaucracy of delegated patriots • Senators given estates/money for loyalty

  4. Why did the French Revolution become increasingly radical during the years 1789-1794? • 1789-Estates General have disagreements (voting order; constitution) • National Assembly declared/Louis XVI calls for military intervention • Tennis Court Oath followed by storming the Bastille and March on Versailles • 1791-New Constitution opposed by many (Catholic priests, radical Jacobins, nobles) • Louis XVI attempts to flee • Austria and Prussia threaten military intervention • 1792-War declared on Austria • 1793-1794-Committee of Public safety/Robespierre/The Terror/Execution of Louis

  5. How far did Napoleon Bonaparte maintain the ideals of the French Revolution during the period 1799-1815? • 1799-1815-Revolutionary Ideals (equality, liberty, fraternity) • The Napoleonic Code (equal laws, abolish serfdom, religious freedom, property rights, careers open to talent) • Unequal for women (property belongs to husband, treated as minors in lawsuits) • Powerful, centralized bureaucracy • Benevolent despotism- Napoleon decides what is good for France • European wars for conquest

  6. Which of the grievances of the Third Estate in France in 1789 were the most important? Explain your answer. • Third Estate grievances: 1789 • Unfair taxation, feudal obligations to nobility, voting by order in Estates General, voting rights, urban poor couldn’t afford consumer prices, opposition to conservative order of the ancient regime

  7. How far did Napoleon Bonaparte achieve his aims in domestic policy? • Napoleon’s aims; 1799-1815 • Stabilize economy (bank of France;coins) • Equal laws (Napoleonic Code) • Educated, talented bureaucracy(lycee’s) • Restore relations with the Church (Concordat with the Catholic church) • Nationalism(conscription for defense) • Grow/protect economy(Continental System)

  8. How far, and why, did the aims of the revolutionaries in France change during the period from 1789-1793? • 1789 vs. 1793 aims of revolutionaries • 1789-Constitutional monarchy; voting rights; equal taxation; end of serfdom/feudalism • 1793-Democratic republic; overthrow of nobility; death to anti-revolutionaries; war with Austria/Prussia • Why? –Military intervention by Louis XVI and by Austria/Prussia; radicalism (Jacobins), great fear, the terror; disagreements between revolutionary factions/divided 3rd Estate; abdication of responsibility by Louis XVI

  9. How far was Napoleon Bonaparte an oppressive ruler in his domestic policies from 1799-1815? • 1799-1815-Oppressive domestic policies? • Concordat with the Catholic church forced clergy to be civil servants • Appointed prefects spied on people, collected taxes, spread propaganda • Legal codes asserted male rights over women • Workers needed a permit to get a job • Newspapers were censored • Artists were paid to glorify Napoleon

  10. From 1789-1799, who posed the more dangerous threats to the French Revolution: its internal or its external enemies? • 1789-1799-Internal vs. external enemies? • Internal: King (and his military), Church, nobility, upper class 3rd Estate • External: European monarchs, Austrian relatives, Prussia (and their armies)

  11. Why did Louis XVI’s policies from 1789 fail to prevent his execution in 1793? • Louis XVI • Divided loyalty between 3 estates • Indecisiveness as a political leader/qualifications inherited, not earned • Impossible financial problems inherited from Louis XIV and XV (upkeep of Versailles) • Questionable loyalty due to Marie Antoinette/Austrian family • External threats by Austria and Prussia • Enlightenment vs. ancient regime (American Revolution) • August Decrees/Declaration of Rights of Man accepted by force • Attempt to flee France/treason

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