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Napoleon: Foreign Policy and Downfall

Napoleon: Foreign Policy and Downfall. European Conquest. Peace of Amiens between England and France (1802) Divorced after 1 year Napoleon begins disrupting- Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy Attempts to disrupt British supremacy in India-War ensues (1803)

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Napoleon: Foreign Policy and Downfall

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  1. Napoleon: Foreign Policy and Downfall

  2. European Conquest • Peace of Amiens between England and France (1802) • Divorced after 1 year • Napoleon begins disrupting- Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and Italy • Attempts to disrupt British supremacy in India-War ensues (1803) • Battle of Trafalgar off coast of Spain • England remains undisputed supremacy of the seas

  3. War! • Coalition against Napoleon resurrected-England, Austria, Russia, and Sweden • Napoleon defeats Austrians at Ulm (Oct. 20, 1805) • Defeated Russian troops at Austerlitz • Treaty of Pressburg- Austria surrenders Italy • Napoleon recognized as King of Italy

  4. Consequences of Austria’s Defeat • Prussia assumes Germanic supremacy • Napoleon unifies Southern Germanies into “Confederation of the Rhine” • Napoleon named as Protector • Ended the antiquated Holy Roman Empire • Under Treaty of Pressburg, Germanic states loyal to Napoleon remained independent

  5. Prussia’s Fall • Prussian Emperor Frederick William III remained neutral • Received Electorate of Hanover • Prussian military leader, Duke of Brunswick, attacks France • Prussia’s army completely destroyed by Napoleon • Napoleon marches into Berlin as Frederick William III flees

  6. Russian Bear’s Alliance to France? • Treaty of Tilsit (1807)- Czar Alexander I seeks peace as Napoleon moves to invade • Napoleon accepted as master if Western Europe • Napoleon’s brother Jerome rules over Duchy of Warsaw and Kingdom of Westphalia • Russia kept control of Eastern Europe after promising to help in trade war with England

  7. Continental System • Restricted importation of British goods to Europe and key European goods to England • Berlin Decree of November 1806- blockade of British Isles • All French ports closed to Britain and her colonies • England retaliates by declaring all ships trading with France ripe for capture • Although meant to cultivate European economic independence from England, actually caused economic hardship for all

  8. Height of Power 1808-1812 • Invades Portugal after Portugal refuses to join Continental System • Conquers Spain and places his brother, Joseph on the throne as King of Spain • Peninsula War- Spain rebels, with English help, and pushes Joseph out across Pyrennies • France’s distraction with Spain causes Austria to declare war yet again (April 1809)- Austria loses…again • Napoleon divorces Josephine and marries daughter of Francis II of Austria

  9. “Never Start a Land War in Asia” • Due to distrust of Napoleon, Czar Alexander I violates Tilsit and trades with Britain • France declares war on Russia • Russian forces use scorched earth method • Napoleon forced to retreat from Moscow • Europe avenges itself! • Battle of Natims (1813) • Napoleon retreats to France, troops desert his army, the Confederation of the Rhine collapses

  10. The Fall • Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba • Congress of Vienna convenes- Bourbons restored to power • March 1, 1815- Bonaparte returns, but is put down yet again at Waterloo June 18, 1815 by Wellington and von Blucher • Exiled to St. Helena • Dies 1821- Murdered?? Natural Causes???

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