Madeline Downs Evan Razdan Sam Cunningham

1. Group 4: La Vie Autour de Nous Madeline Downs Evan Razdan Sam Cunningham

2. Vocabulaire • Unedémocratie – un sociétéégal • Le respect des autres – la tolérance • La diversité – l’hétérogénité • Conservateur – de droite • Libéral – de gauche • Modére – de centré • Une formation politique – un partipolitique

3. Vocabulaire • Le Moyen-Orient – les pays arabes • Un théocratie – un régime totalitairereligeux • S’insurger- Se révolter • Unedictature – un autocratie • Uneparjure- unetrahison • Un menace – un péril • Unefoule – unearmée

4. Vocabulaire • Les insurgés – les rebelles • Élire – donner son suffrage • Abusd’autorité – abus de pouvoir • Un but – un raison • L’esclavage – servitudé • Nostalgique – avoir le mal du pays • Lutter – combattre • S’améliorer – rendremeilleur

5. Vocabulaire • Une punition – un prison • La haine – la racisme • Sauver – préserver • Le patrimoineculturel – heritage culturel • Prédire – devenir • S’efforcer – faire un effort • Faire sans – se passer de • Un devoir – l’obligation

6. Savoir et Connaître • Savoir - to know a fact or how to do something je sais nous savons tusais voussavez il/ellesaitils/ells savent

7. Savoir et Connaître • Connaître- to know a person, place or thing je connais nous connaissons tuconnaisvousconnaissez il/elleconnaitils/ells connaissent

8. Savoir et Connaître Ex: Tusais monnuméro de téléphone?Je connais un excellent café prèsd’ici. Ellessaventtoujours la réponse. Tuconnaismon frère Julien? → Savoir + an infinitive = to know how to do something Ex: Savez-vousnager?

9. Qui et Que Que- means what Qui- means who →Both are question words Ex: Qu’est-cequetu vas faire? Qui est-ce?

10. Qui et Que → When qui is the subject, inversion form for questions can NOT be used, and either qui or qui est-ce qui can be used Ex: Qui veut le faire? Qui est-ce qui veut le faire? → When queis the subject, inversion form for questions can NOT be used, and only qu’est-ce qui can be used Ex: Qu’est-ce qui se passe? Qu'est-ce qui esttombésur la terre ?

11. Qui et Que → Quereplaces a direct object. Notice that it is followed by a subject. The subject is underlined. Ex: J'aiacheté le livrequema sœur a écrit. (Que replaces the book. Which book? The book that my sister wrote. The book is the direct object.) Oùhabite le peintrequej'ai vu aujourd'hui? (Que replaces the painter. Which painter? The painter I saw today. The painter is the direct object.)

12. Qui et Que → Qui replaces a subject. Notice that it is followed by a verb.Thesubject is underlined. Ex: Je cherchel'artistequiétudieà Paris. (Qui replaces the artist. The artist studies in Paris. The artist is the subject.) Trouvezle chat quihabitedans la cave. (Qui replaces the cat. The cat lives in the basement. The cat is the subject.)

13. CeQue, CeQue, CeDont • If a relative pronoun refers to an unspecified antecedent, use ceque, ce qui, or cedont, which often mean what. • Le problem quim’inquiète, c’est le fosse des generations.Ce quim’inquiète, c’est le fossé des générations.What worries me is the generation gap • L’ingrédientdontelle a besoin, c’est un conservateur.Cedontelle a besoin, c’est un conservateurWhat she needs is a preservative.

14. Les PronomsRelatif Que replaces the direct object (person or thing) in the dependent clause. J'aiacheté le livreque ma sœur a écrit.I bought the book (that) my sister wrote. Qui replaces the subject (person or thing) in the dependent clause. Trouvezl’hommequihabitedans la cave.Find the man that lives in the basement. Qui also replaces an indirect object referring to a person* after a preposition**, including prepositions which are required after a given verb or expression. Je voisune dame avec qui je travailleI see a woman with whom I work. La fillemoustachuàquij'aiparléesttrèssympathique.The mustached girl to whom I spoke is very nice. L'étudiantcontrequi je me suisassis...The student next to whom I sat… *If the object of the preposition is a thing, you need lequel. **Except if the preposition is de, in which case you need dont.

16. Lequel or one of its variations replaces an indirect object referring to a thing* after a preposition,** including prepositions which are required after a given verb or expression. • Le livredanslequelj'aiécritmon nom...The book in which I wrote my name... • Les idéesauxquellesj'aipensé...The ideas that I thought about... • Le cinémaprèsduquel nous avonsmangé...The theater near which we ate...*If the object of the preposition is a person, you need qui.**Except de – we’ll get to this with dont

17. Dont • Dont replaces any person or thing after de: • C'est la dame. J'aiparlé de cette dame.> C'est la dame dontj'aiparlé.That's the woman about (whom) I talked. • Dont can indicate possession: • Voicil'homme. J'aitrouvé la valise de cethomme.> Voicil'hommedontj'aitrouvé la valise.That's the man whose suitcase I found. • Dont can refer to part of a group: • Il a écrittroislivres. Deux de seslivressont des best-sellers.> Il a écrittroislivres, dontdeuxsont des best-sellers.He has written three books, two of which are best sellers. • What's the difference between dont and duquel? • You need dont when the preposition you're replacing is de by itself. You need duquelwhen de is part of a prepositional phrase, such as près de, àcôté de, en face de, etc.

18. Où • Où can be serve as a relative pronoun that often means where • Rouen est la villeoùj'habitedepuis 5 ans.Rouen is the town where I've lived for 5 years. • Où can also be used after prepositions. • Le pays d'oùilvient...The country (where) he's from... • But as a relative pronoun, où has an additional meaning - it refers to the moment in time something happened: "when." Be careful not to confuse this with quand. Quand isn’t a relative pronoun, don’t be some funny joke-person and use it instead of où. • Lundi, c'est le jour où nous faisons les achats.Monday is the day (that) we do our shopping. • Le moment où nous sommesarrivés...The moment (that) we arrived...

19. <<Paris ne s’est pas fait en un jour>> L’expression <<Paris ne s’est pas fait en un jour,>> c’estcomme <<Rome ne s’est pas fait en un jour.>> Il signifiequequelque chose important prend du temps. Il estnecessairequ’onprenne le temps si on le veutcompléterbien. C’estaussicommel’expressionanglaise, <<haste makes waste.>> Tout le monde doit essayer d’attaindre la qualitéavant la quantité.

20. Le Comparatif • To make comparisons of superiority, use the construction plus + adjective + queLes arbressontplus honorable Trees are more queles arbustes. honorable thanshrubs. • To make comparisons of inferiority, use the construction moins+ adjective + queMais les arbressontmoinsBut trees are less important queles produitsfrais. importantthan fresh produce. • To make comparisons of equality, use the construction aussi + adjective + que Les arbressontaussi grand Trees are as big queles ours. asbears.

21. Le Comparatif Adverbs are compared in the same way as adjectives When verbs are compared, autant replaces aussi in comparisons of equalityMonsieur Conrad ritplus/moinsqu’il. Mr. Conrad laughs more/less than him. Monsieur Conrad ritautantqu’il. Mr. Conrad laughs as much as him. De is used before the noun in the comparison of verbs. Il a plus de soucisque nous. He has more worries than we do.

22. Mieux vs. Meilleur: Meilleur is the comparative form of the adjective bon.bon((ne)(s)) meilleur((e)(s))Celivreestmeilleurquel’autre. This book is better than the other. Pire is the comparative form of the adjective mauvais.mauvais((e)(s)) pire(s)Votremaisonestpireque la moinneYour house is worse than mine. Mieuxis the comparative form of the adverb bien.bienmieux Doug écritmieuxquevousDoug writes better than you do. Pire is the comparative form of the adverb mal.mal pireVousconduisezpireque Doug. You drive worse than Doug does. Plus mal can replace pireif you would actually like to do something stupid like that.

23. La Superlatif The superlative of an adjective is formed by placing the definite article before plus or moins and the adjective. When the adjective follows the noun, the definite article appears both before the noun and before plus or moins. - Oú se trouvele restaurant le plus connuici? -where is the most well-known restauranthere? The English preposition in after a superlative is translated by de. - Quelest le magasin le plus elegant decetteville? -What is the most elegant store in this city? If an adjective usually precedes the noun, its superlative form also precedes the noun. Only one definite article is required. - Evan estle pireélève de la classe. -Evan is the worst student in class.

24. La Superlatif The superlative of an adverb is formed with le plus or le moins. - Evan s’exprimele moinsclairement de tous les élèves. -Evan expresses himselfthe least clearlyof all the pupils. The superlative of bien and mal are irregular: le mieux (the best), le pis (the worst). In modern usage, le plus mal is used instead of le pis. - On ditque Madame Thompson enseignele mieux. -They say that Ms. Thompson teaches best. - Gil estle plus mal detous. -Gil is the worst of all. The phrases le plus (the most) and le moins (the least) can be used after verbs. These are the superlatives of beaucoup and peu respectively. - On ditquec’estDobis qui travaillele plus. -They say that Dobis is the one who works the most. The phrases le plus de (the most) and le moins de (the least, the fewest) are used before nouns. - Cetteboîte de ballons a le moins de ballons. -This BoxaBalloons has the least balloons.

25. Gender of Nouns • See document posted on Evan’s page