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Policy framework and programmes for security for home based workers in South Asia

Policy framework and programmes for security for home based workers in South Asia. Overview: ISST. How is social protection defined.

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Policy framework and programmes for security for home based workers in South Asia

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  1. Policy framework and programmes for security for home based workers in South Asia Overview: ISST

  2. How is social protection defined • The usual understanding of social protection is as benefits given to persons to enable them to cope with shocks of different kinds: old age, child birth, disability, sickness, accident etc. • While SP can be risk reducing, mitigating, or coping, most state programmes are of the coping variety. • However if a wider definition of SP is used to include health and education, then they include mitigation.

  3. Approaches to SP • Across South Asia, SP has developed in two forms, one of benefits/ services available for those who are ‘poor’/ below poverty line where there is no recipient contribution; and the other benefits available to workers in formal employment, which are of a contributory kind. • The forms of ‘security’ traditionally available to home based workers are likely to be out of those allocations made for poverty alleviation programmes.

  4. Bangladesh • Workmen’s Compensation act • Maternity Benefit Act • Social insurance for employees of factories with >10 workers in manufacturing or >5 workers in shops • Micro credit programmes; since 2000 micro health insurance

  5. India • Labour laws/ Employees Insurance Scheme, Provident Fund • Welfare Funds • Unorganised Sector Workers Social Security Scheme (EPFO) • Universal Health Insurance Scheme • Umbrella legislation for social security to unorganized workers • EGA

  6. Nepal • Labour Act – social security for workers in formal enterprises • Trade Union act – collective bargaining • Policy of encouraging skill development and entrepreneurship – Tenth plan

  7. Pakistan • Employees Old Age Benefits Act 1976 – 10 or more people • Workers Welfare Fund Ordinance 1971 • New labour policy 2002 seeks to promote social security for all types of workers • National policy for women 2002 – Credit, skill training

  8. Sri Lanka • Farmers Pension and Social Security Benefit Scheme 1987 • Fishermen’s Pension and Social Security Benefit Scheme 1990 • Pension and Social Security Benefits Scheme for Self Employed Persons 1996 • Women’s Bank • Janasaviya/ later Samurdhi 1995 – direct income transfers to poor

  9. Characteristics • Policy and programme initiatives for workers in informal economy are relatively new; perhaps linked to weakening of labour laws, and increasing informality • With perhaps the exception of Sri Lanka, the main focus of pgms seems to be on credit, training, and entrepreneurship development or economic security • Initiatives for better health often in the form of health insurance

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