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A GOES-Eye View of Rod Scofield’s Legacy. Robert J. Kuligowski NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). National Weather Association 31 st Annual Meeting, Cleveland, OH 14-19 October 2006. Personal Information. Born 3 December 1942 in Louisville, KY; brother Wolfe
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A GOES-Eye View of Rod Scofield’s Legacy Robert J. Kuligowski NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) National Weather Association 31st Annual Meeting, Cleveland, OH 14-19 October 2006
Personal Information • Born 3 December 1942 in Louisville, KY; brotherWolfe • Died 25 February 2006 in Pomfret, MD • Married Joyce Wiedmar Scofield in 1964;3 children • Michelle • Matthew and daughter-in-law Stacey • Two grandchildren: Julianna and Ethan • Brett and daughter-in-law Kellie
Education and Career • Education: • B.S. in Physics from the University of Louisville, 1964 • M.S. in Meteorology from Saint Louis University, 1969 • Ph.D. in Meteorology from Saint Louis University, 1973 Career: • NWS Techniques Development Laboratory, 1972-1973 • NMC Development Division, 1973-1974 • NESS / NESDIS, 1974-2006
Satellite Rainfall Estimation: IFFA • Developed the NESDIS original operational satellite rainfall technique with Vince Oliver in the late 1970’s, which led to the Interactive Flash Flood Analyzer (IFFA) in the early 1980’s. • Spearheaded numerous modifications over the years: • applications for winter storms • applications for tropical cyclones—including 0-24h forecasts of rainfall potential • adjustments for “warm-top” convection • STILL in use by SAB analysts nearly 30 years later!
Satellite Rainfall Estimation: Automation • The labor-intensive nature of the IFFA limited timeliness and coverage, so Rod worked with Gilberto Vicente to develop an automated version called the Auto-Estimator in the late 1990’s. • The follow-up Hydro-Estimator was developed with Clay Davenport in the early 2000’s. • The HE is the NESDIS operational algorithm and has been available to NWS field offices via AWIPS since 2003.
Flash Flood Forecasting • Techniques for predicting the behavior of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS’s) • Techniques for predicting instability burst associated with extratropical cyclones • Multi-scale “forecasting funnel” approach for identifying flash flood risk regions • Worked with Rao Achutuni to develop a SSM/I-based surface wetness index to identify flood-risk regions • Working with Clay Davenport to develop the Hydro-Nowcaster—an automated 0-3 h satellite-based technique
Education and Outreach • Forecaster / analyst training • WFO’s • COMET • NWS Technical Training Center • Teacher Education • AMS Project Atmosphere • Satellite Education Conference (West Chester, PA) • Student education at various grade levels • NWS Visiting Professor of Satellite Meteorology (1984)
International Collaboration • Hosted numerous visiting scientists from China, Australia, Costa Rica, Argentina, and elsewhere. • Medal from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan in 1992 for outstanding leadership in the applications of satellite data for flash flood forecasting over Southeast Asia. • Award from the Central Weather Bureau of the People’s Republic of China in 2005 • The Hydro-Estimator is being run operationally in Mexico and Costa Rica, and has also been adapted for use in Argentina.
Awards and Recognition • NOAA Bronze Medal (1989) and Group Bronze Medals (1999, 2001) • Department of Commerce Gold Medal (1999) • AMS Fellow (2002) and Reichelderfer Award (1999) • University of Louisville College of Arts and Sciences Alumni Fellow in 2000 • NWA Councilor and past President (2000)
Building on the Legacy • GOES-based rainfall estimation and nowcasting are being transitioned into the GOES-R era to take advantage of new ABI capabilities • Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP) based on microwave rain rates has users worldwide • Multi-sensor, multi-platform QPE is being explored via the NMQ collaboration with NSSL and OHD • Outreach via COMET, VISIT, and DataStreme continues “If I have seen farther than others, it is because I was standing on the shoulders of giants.” –Sir Isaac Newton, 1676
The Flash Flood Forecasting Funnel Questions to ask when preparing flash flood forecasts Flow Patterns? Moisture Plumes? Global Scale Synoptic Scale Available Moisture and Instability? Presence of lifting/lid? Presence of Boundaries? Mesocale Precipitation Rate/ Accumulation ? Duration of Precipitation ? Feedback Processes/ Modification of Environment ? Local Effects ? Storm Scale Satellite Imagery Interpretation/Signatures Conceptual Models Products