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Fish Disease History

Fish Disease History. Dr. Craig Kasper. History of Fish Health Management. 1. Fish Health Management: Management practices designed to prevent fish disease episodes in confined or free ranging fish populations. 2. Aquaculture:

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Fish Disease History

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  1. Fish Disease History Dr. Craig Kasper

  2. History of Fish Health Management • 1. Fish Health Management: • Management practices designed to prevent fish disease episodes in confined or free ranging fish populations. • 2. Aquaculture: • The art and science of rearing aquatic organisms (finfish, shellfish, aquatic reptiles, amphibians, and plants) under controlled conditions.

  3. History of Fish Health Management • The occurrence of disease in fish was known prior to 1900’s, however, it was of no practical significance! • Advancement in knowledge is directly related to development of intensive aquaculture • North America – development associated with American Fisheries Society. • Developed separately from health sciences of other animal groups

  4. History of Fish Health Management • Requires much different approach than terrestrial animals. Why?? • Environmental factors (water vs. land and air) • Must have knowledge of environment and animal to effectively manage around/diagnose disease

  5. History of Fish Health Management • Early reports related to fish disease (very little) • Aristotle (330 BC) • Discussed a crustacean parasite of tuna and swordfish • Lake Geneva Switzerland (1867) • Reports of disease (typhus) in fish • Yellow discharge from vent (probably due to lack of food)

  6. History of Fish Health • - Disease in Salmon and Eels (1868) • “Pestis salmonum” or “Pestis rubra anguillarum” • - Disease now known as vibriosis! • Furunculosis (1896) • Cultured trout in Germany • “Bacterium salmonicida” • First referenced in US in 1902 • Very serious disease

  7. History of Fish Health • “Furunculosis committee” (1928) – Great Britain • Set up to help combat disease • Increased interest in other diseases of fish • Made people aware – Research began to investigate pathological changes in fish due to disease (1930’s to 1950’s) • Disease agent characterization • Most research done as a hobby not profession

  8. History of Fish Health • Fish culturists • Became aware of the relationship to fish health and stocking in troughs, raceways and ponds • Not all diseases were infectious • Began to disinfect equipment • Was a learning process • Toxic substances • Advent of insecticides/herbicides • Causes fish health and environmental problems

  9. History of Fish Health • 1947 to 1960 • Rapid progress!! • Advances in nutrition!! • Development of antibiotic/chemical therapy for fish • disease control • better disinfectants • Viral diseases of fish discovered • IPN-infectious pancreatic necrosis (1960) (yuck!) • implications for control/spread of pathogens

  10. History of Fish Health • FDC (Fisheries Disease Control) • promoted isolation • developed USFWS Title 50 – this restricted movement of certain food or sport fishes (1969) • Fish movement now only allowed for certified pathogen free fish (Board certified fish pathologists) • Ornamental fish still remain free of such restrictions—good or bad?? • FDC replaced by Fish Health Section of AFS in 1972

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