Imperialism: How Europe took over the world!

1. Imperialism: How Europe took over the world!

2. Introduction into Imperialism

3. Imperialism: The domination of one country or region over another country’s political, economic, or cultural life. • By the late 1800’s, Europeans believed that the larger your empire, the more important your country was. Imperialism

4. Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies • Imperialism spread the economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world. Essential Understandings

5. Nationalism motivated European nations to compete for colonial possessions. • Imperialism forced colonized countries to trade on European terms.

6. Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries. • Colonized peoples resisted European domination and responded in diverse ways to Western influences.

7. Colonies Protectorates: ~ Local rulers were left in place as puppet rulers carrying out in the European country’s advice ~Cost less to run than a colony ~No large military commitment needed Spheres of Influence: An area where an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading rights; examples: Britain in China, US in Latin America Forms of Imperialism

8. Imperialism in Africa and Asia

9. Berlin Conference: European powers met to discuss free trade in Africa and European control of the continent without Africa input • 95% of Africa was controlled by European powers The Scramble for African Territories

10. Wars which began in Europe spread to Africa • Missionaries attempted to spread Christianity to sub-Saharan Africa -North Africa is Islamic -Sub-Saharan Africa is Christian/Traditional

11. Muhammad Ali was appointed governor of Egypt in 1805 • Introduced economic, political, and military reforms to strengthen the country • Conquered neighboring Arabia, Syria, and Sudan • French entrepreneur organized a company to build the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean and Red seas- opened in 1869, greatly shortened route from Europe to South and East Asia Egypt Seeks to Modernize

12. Ruler of Egypt unable to repay the loans for the building of the canal, sold his shares to the British Prime minister who used the change to make Egypt a British protectorate • Egypt continued to modernize but nationalist discontent simmered.

13. Before 1800s: strict limits on foreign traders left China with a trade surplus (selling more than it was buying)- China entered a period of decline and the Industrial Revolution encouraged Europeans to seek new markets Imperialism in China

14. Spheres of influence: Western powers moved into China, each claiming a different area (Enclave) as theirs for influence- Britain, France, Russia, and Germany all gained territory • The United Stated opted NOT to- came up with Open Door policy called for China to open trade to everyone

15. By the mid-1800’s, controlled 3/5 of India! • Encouraged competition among princes and overpowered with superior weapons • Main goal: MAKE MONEY • Introduced western education and legal procedures, spread Christianity • Social changes: end to slavery, caste system, and sati (a law requiring women to throw themselves on the funeral fire of their husband!) British East India Company

17. Unpopular moves by the British East India Company • Required sepoys (Indian soldiers) to serve anywhere overseas which was an offense against some of the high-caste Hindu’s religion. • Passed a law that allowed Hindu widows to remarry • Issued new rifles to the sepoys that required them to bite off the tips of cartridges before loading them into the rifles- the cartridges were greased with animal fat from animals that Hindus considered sacred. Rebellion

18. Angry sepoys rose up against their British officers, and the Sepoy Rebellion swept across India, but the British soon rallied and crushed the revolt. • Left a bitter legacy of fear, hatred, and mistrust on both sides • 1858: Parliament ended the rule of the East India Company and put India under the direct rule of the British Crown • Slowed reforms that had angered Indians, but continued to develop the area for Britain’s own economic benefit.

20. Responses of Colonized Peoples

21. By the late 1800’s, western-educated Indians were starting a nationalist movement that dreamed of ending imperial rule. • 1885: Indian National Congress- professionals and business leaders who believed in peaceful protest to gain their ends Nationalism in India

22. Called for a greater democracy! • 1906: Muslim League formed to pursue their own goals separately from the Hindus, eventually called for a separate Muslim state • The country of Pakistan was created because of this division

23. 1899: Boxer Rebellion: Anti- foreign feelings resulted in an uprising against foreign traders who believed they were corrupting Chinese society, failed but encouraged nationalist feelings Armed Conflicts

24. Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and intellectual movements. Essential Understandings