The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution Chapter 23. p 521-537 Quiz on Wednesday

2. Discussion Question What factors caused the Industrial Revolution to begin in England?

3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution • Favorable natural resources • Agricultural Revolution • Population Pressure • Growth of large manufacturing sector • Cottage industry (putting-out system) • Huge advantages in world trade • Provide necessary capital? $$$$ • Technological developments • Government support of business

4. Transportation

5. Great Britain’s Population Growth 1500-1850

6. Clockwise from top left: the spinning jenny, the water frame, the spinning mule, and the power loom

7. Clockwise from top left: the factory system, Watt’s steam engine, and Stephenson’s locomotive

8. Discussion Question What were the positive and negative effects of early industrialization?

9. Factory System Textile Factory Workers in England

10. Textile Factory Workers

11. Increasing Wealth

12. Industrial Manchester

13. Industrial Staffordshire

14. Problem of Pollution The Silent Highwayman – 1858 Father Thames Introduces His Offspring (Diphtheria, Scrofula, and Cholera) to the Fair City of London

15. The New Industrial City Above: Early 19th century London by Gustave Dore

17. Changing Labor Conditions • Women & children are majority of laborers by 1816 • Paid less • Many lived in factory dorms • Work became unpleasant • Workers separated from family • Punctuality & efficiency stressed • Poor working hours & wages, unemployment, & frequent accidents • Labor riots were common • Luddites

18. Cultural Changes • Rise of Mass Leisure Culture • Widespread advertising creates consumer fads (bicycle) • Newspapers become popular • Radio and motion pictures • Organized sports: baseball, soccer, boxing, horse racing • Family vacations for the wealthy and middle class

19. Adjustments to Industrial Life • Demographic Transition • Declining birth rates • Declining death rates for children • Family size decreases • Life expectancy increased • Discovery of germs by Louis Pasteur • Women began to outlive men • Widespread use of vaccines by the 1880s

20. Spread of Industrialization by 1850

21. 2nd Industrial Revolution • Scientific advances applied to industry • Major advances in physics and chemistry • Led by the U.S. and Germany • Thomas Edison introduced electric lighting to New York City in 1882 • General Electric and Westinghouse become the first multinational corporations • New business structures: corporations, trusts, and cartels

22. New York City, 1910

23. Reform Movements • Political Reform Movements • Utilitarianism • Socialism • Communism • The Communist Manifesto (1848) • New Political Parties • Socialists • Communists • Methodist Church Karl Marx

24. Labor Reform • Labor unions • Unions use collective bargaining and strikes to push for reforms • Britain attempted to outlaw labor unions • Reform laws • Combination Acts of 1825 – Legalizes labor unions • Factory Act of 1833 – Child Labor • Mines Act of 1842 – Women and children cannot work underground

25. Feminist Movements • Goals • Sought legal and economic rights • Women’s suffrage • Leadership • Middle class women • Emmeline Pankhurst • Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony • English women gain the right to vote 1918 • U.S. in 1920 with the 19th amendment