Civil Peace Service History and Structures in Germany forum ZFD in the Balkan Region,

1. Civil Peace Service History and Structures in Germany forumZFD in the Balkan Region, in Palestine/Israel/Jordan and Germany forumZFD – Martin Quack, 16.3.2007

2. 1) History and Structures in Germany • History of CPS in Germany • Development of financial support • CPS Partner Countries 2) forumZFD Actions in the Balkan Region • Background • CPS Projects in the Western Balkans • Fields of Action • Target-Groups • General criteria for CPS in the Western Balkans • 3) forumZFD in the Middle East and in Germany • 4) Impact and Future

3. History and Structures in Germany

4. History 1991 – War in Iraq: The Germans discuss the deployment of soldiers in UN-missions The German Protestant Church in Berlin-Brandenburg and Theodor Ebert propose instead a new national security institution, the Civil Peace Service (CPS) They demand a Civil Peace Service as an option for a peace and security policy that addresses direct, cultural and structural violence

5. History

6. History The German Peace Movement discusses and changes this proposal, since 1994 in a Forum Civil Peace Service 1995/1996 – An initiative in the German Parliament for the implementation of a CPS fails 2/1996 – Formation of the Forum Civil Peace Service (forumZFD) 11/1996 – The CPS Group (association of the executing agencies of the CPS) is formed

7. History 1997 – Opening of the first CPS 4 month training course by Johannes Rau (prime minister Northrhine-Westphalia) (November 2005: the 200th Peace Consultant receives the certificate of the training course – Academy for Conflict Transformation/forumZFD)

8. History 11/1997 – Hearing of the CPS in the German Parliament Publication of the „Berlin Declaration for a Civil Peace Service“

9. History 1998 – New government establishes Civil Peace Service in the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development (BMZ) 1999 – Conceptual framework for the CPS is implemented by the BMZ 2000 – First Peace Consultants start to work

10. History 2002 – Evaluation of the start-up phase of the CPS on behalf of the government (“CPS a successful co-operation of state and civil society actors”) 2004 – The government's Action Plan ‘Civilian Crisis Prevention, Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Peace-Building’ is adopted. 2005 – The CPS Group adopts the jointly developed „Standards for the Civil Peace Service“ 2007 – forumZFD becomes sending-organisation

11. Framework • Based on development worker law • Approval of BMZ and Foreign Ministry necessary • Projects between 2 and 5 years • In development countries and other conflict areas • Lower and middle societal levels • Consultancy, not financing • Multi-partiality and partnership • Different qualifications

12. Fields of action (“Standards”) • Develop structures for cooperation and dialogue • Create contact points and safe spaces for support and encounters • Strengthen information and communication channels • Reintegrate and rehabilitate groups particularly affected by violence (including psychosocial support/trauma counseling)

13. Fields of action (Standards) • Provide advice and training on civil conflict management and with regard to institution-building • Peace education (including education to reduce enemy images) • Strengthen rule of law on local level

14. Support by the BMZ Million EURO 2006: forumZFD 1,1 CPS 0,5 Academy

15. Partner Countries 2006: 130 Peace Consultants in 40 countries Priority partner countries in Sub-Sahara Africa and Latin America (2007: 150-55 Peace Consultants)

16. CPS Partner Countries (2005)

17. 1) History and Structures in Germany • History of CPS in Germany • Development of financial support • CPS Partner Countries 2) forumZFD Actions in the Balkan Region • Background • CPS Projects in the Western Balkans • Fields of Action • Target-Groups • General criteria for CPS in the Western Balkans • 3) forumZFD in the Middle East and in Germany • 4) Impact and Future

18. Background - Balkan Region

19. Background - Balkan Region High potential for re-escalation in marginalised regions, with possible impacts on other areas in the Western Balkans • Lack of legal security and democratic control mechanisms • Regional instability and segregation • Ethnically defined identities, discrimination of ethnic and regional minorities • Not enough „dealing with the past“

20. Actions in Balkan Region

21. CPS Projects - Balkan Region 1999 First project beings together with Pax Christi in Croatia Soon after: 2 Peace Consultants leave for Kosovo More projects have developed since in Serbia & Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegowina, Macedonia, Croatia and Kosovo Aimof all CPS-projects: establishment and promotion of peace-building and violence-reducing identities and of structures to stabilise them

22. CPS Projects - Balkan Region The Peace Consultants • support local groups • organise trainings in conflict resolution • offer mediation • initiate constructive dialogue, offer safe spaces • build contacts and networks

23. CPS Projects - Balkan Region The main target groups • youth organisations • local authorities • traumatised victims and former soldiers • refugees and displaced persons • journalists • professionals in the field of education

24. CPS Projects - Balkan Region Criteria of the forumZFD for CPS Projects • „multi-track“- approach • long term engagement (3-5 years) • no “money instrument” for local partners. • Peace Consultants are send only if they are requested. • role of the Peace Consultant: “Third Party” • Peace Consultants work in teams with local team members

25. CPS Projects - Balkan Region The “old” projects in the region have been handed over to local Peace Consultants

26. CPS Projects - Balkan Region 13 Peace Consultants 2 PC in Bosnia & Herzegowina 3 PC in Cosovo 2 PC in Croatia 3 PC in Macedonia 3 PC in Serbia and Montenegro 40 local staff members Agencies: AGEH – 2 projects AGDF – 2 projects EIRENE – 1 projects forumZFD (also in co-operation with Pax Christi) – 6 projects (Some changes since 2005)

27. 1) History and Structures in Germany 2) forumZFD Actions in the Balkan Region • 3) forumZFD in the Middle East and in Germany • 4) Impact and Future

28. Palestine, Israel and Jordan Main areas of work (CPS Group) • Support of peace alliances • Re-integration of especially affected groups Main beneficiaries/partners • Relevant civil society actors • Religious and cultural elites • Political parties • Key persons in the security sector

29. Projects of forumZFD Co-operation of Joung Socialits, Young Fatah and Young Labour in the Willy Brandt Centre Jerusalem Psychological work in the International Centre in Bethlehem Support of Jahalin Beduins in the Westbank together with Rabbis for Human Rights and Palestinian Agriculture Relief Committee Promoting mutual understanding between Palestinian, Israeli Arab and Israeli change agents through Memory Work and Civil Conflict Management (Israel, Palestine, Jordan) – first EU-funding! Regional Co-ordination (as in the Balkans)

30. Civil Peace Service in Germany Working group on CPS in Germany together with other organisations 2007 first project in Oranienburg (North of Berlin) • Conflict: Isolation and separation of immigratedAussiedler, bad economic situation • Potential of violence • Funded by federal agency for migration and refugees

31. 1) History and Structures in Germany 2) forumZFD Actions in the Balkan Region 3) forumZFD in the Middle East and in Germany 4) Impact and Future

32. Problems of Impact Analysis • Different understandings of impact • on partners • on beneficiaries • on institutions • on probabilities of peace • ... • Small projects vs. high expectations • Long term work • Alternative is contra-factual, different levels of analysis, isolation very difficult • No published impact evaluations

33. “Standards” on Impact „The CPS expects CPS projects to produce direct results • through the work of the peace experts, in terms of enhancing the potential of the partner organization to reduce violence; • through the joint work of the peace experts and local partner organizations, in terms of effects on the partner organizations' direct target groups. The CPS expects CPS projects to produce indirect results in a given country in terms of an impact on a social conflict that is (potentially) violent. The CPS seeks to achieve a "structure-building" impact at the sociopolitical level, thus ensuring sustainability“

34. Impact • Some good impacts („direct results“) on • local partners • civil society • beneficiaries • Impact on 'Peace Writ Large' („indirect results“) difficult to prove • Impact of common strategies in the future? • In Germany: important symbol, awareness rising, CPS in Germany, ...

35. Future? • Increased support from the government • More focussed • Common country strategies vs. different understandings of partnership AND other co-operations • Evaluation by BMZ • European co-operation • Depends on government/elections, civil society, other countries, EU

36. ... one example of what CPS could mean Thank you for your attention www.forumZFD.de www.ziviler-friedensdienst.org martin_quack@web.de