Section 2-Polling Question

1. Section 2-Polling Question • A • B • C Which part of a culture defines it the most? A.Religion B.Education C.Family roles

2. Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770) Section 2 Government, Religion, Culture

3. Essential Question • In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial Period? In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period?

4. Trouble in England • Charles II was king • Many people were not satisfied with his rule • James II, Charles successor, tried to take powers back • Parliament had taken some away during the English Civil War • Also wanted to tighten control of the colonies • 1688 Parliament forced out James and replaced him with his daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange • The change demonstrated the power of the elected representatives over the monarch • Known as the Glorious Revolution • William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689 • Gave basic rights to all citizens

5. Section 2 • A • B • C • D What did William and Mary do in order to guarantee basic rights to all citizens in England? A.Wrote a constitution B.Enacted a peace treaty C.Signed a bill of rights D.Imprisoned James II

6. England’s View of it’s Colonies • An economic resource • Should provide raw materials (lumber) • English manufacturers used these resources to produce finished goods • Then sold them back to the colonists • This is an economic theory called mercantilism • Theory states that as a nation’s trade grows, its gold reserves increase • The nation then becomes more powerful • England had to export more than it imported

7. To Ensure England Benefited • From trade in the Colonies • Parliament passed several laws from 1651-1673 • Navigation Acts directed trade between England and the Colonies • Made colonists use ships made in England or the Colonies • Prevented Colonists from shipping certain products (tobacco and sugar) outside of England’s empire • Colonists accepted these laws • Later they resented these restrictions • Wanted to make and sell their own manufactured goods where they could get higher prices • Colonists ignored these laws and began smuggling with other nations

8. Colonial Governments • Colonists had ideas about government when they arrived • Developed in England • Political liberties like trial by jury • Limited government and representative government • They believed that government was not all powerful • First appeared in the Magna Carta • Established limited government • Included: protection against unfair punishment • Protected against the loss of life, liberty, and property

9. Colonial Government • As the colonies grew, town meetings grew into small governments • Made local laws • By the 1760’s there were three types of Colonies in America • Charter Colonies • Proprietary Colonies • Royal Colonies

10. Charter Colonies • Connecticut and Rhode Island • Given a charter to establish a colony • Colonists elected their own governor and members of the legislature • Great Britain had the right to approve the governor • The governor could not veto the acts of the legislature

11. Proprietary Colony • Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania • Ruled by proprietors (owners) • Free to rule as they wish • Proprietors appointed the governor and members of the upper house of the legislature • Colonists elected the lower house

12. Royal Colonies • By 1760’s- Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia • Britain directly ruled • King appointed a governor and council (Upper House) • Colonists elected the Lower House • Governor and council usually did what British leaders told them to do • Often led to conflict with the colonists in the assembly • Most when officials tried to enforce tax laws and trade restrictions

13. Section 2 • A • B • C Which type of colony was ruled by individuals or groups to whom Britain granted land? A.Charter B.Proprietary C.Royal

14. Voting Rights • Only some people had voting rights • Generally, white men who owned property • In spite of limits, the proportion of people involved in government was higher in the colonies • 80-90% higher

15. Great Awakening • A religious revival through the colonies from the 1720’s-1740’s • New England and Middle Colonies ministers called for “a new birth” • Leaders were Jonathon Edwards and George Whitefield • Led to the formation of many new churches

16. Family Roles • Men were the head of the household • Men worked in the fields, built barns, houses, and fences • Sons could be indentured servants or apprentices • Women ran the household and cared for the children • Many worked in the fields with their husbands • Married women had few rights • Unmarried women might work for wealthy families as a maid • Widows might be teachers, nurses, or seamstresses • Widows or unmarried could run business and own property • Women could not vote

17. Education • Parents taught children to read and write • New England and Pennsylvania set up schools to learn to read and study the Bible • 1647- Massachusetts Puritans passed a public education law • Each community with 50 or more homes were required to have a school • By 1750- New England had a high literacy rate (85% of men) • Night schools were set up for apprentices • Colleges were set up to train ministers • Puritans set up Harvard in 1626

18. Section 2 • A • B • C • D Which was the first college in North America? A.William and Mary B.Princeton C.Harvard D.University of Virginia

19. The Enlightenment • Many educated people were influenced by the Enlightenment • Based on the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society • Interest in science increased • People observed nature, staged experiments, and published findings • Best known American scientist was Ben Franklin

20. Freedom of Press • 1735- John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal was charged with libel • Printed a critical report about the royal governor of New York • Zenger’s lawyer (Andrew Hamilton) argued that freedom of speech was a basic English right • Hamilton told the jury to make their decision on whether Zenger printed the truth, not whether it was offensive • Jury found Zenger not guilty • Important step in the development of a free press in America

21. Essential Question • In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period? • - The colonists adopted ideas of limited government and representative government. • Distinct religious and educational ideas contributed to the culture • Family was the basis of society • Interest in science and invention grew • Freedom of press was defended • In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial Period?

22. Chapter 4 Section 2 Quiz

23. During the Glorious Revolution, the British monarchy gained more power at the expense of Parliament. • True • False

24. After the Navigation Acts were passed, colonial merchants could not use foreign ships to send their goods. • True • False

25. Most colonists placed a high value on education. • True • False

26. The Enlightenment was a religious movement. • True • False

27. The case involving John Peter Zenger was an important step in establishing free press in America. • True • False

28. Which laws directed the flow of goods between England and the colonies? • Navigation Acts • Merchant's Pledge • Colonists Rights Law • Colonies' Charter

29. Which of the following is not a type of American colony? • charter colony • compact colony • proprietary colony • royal colony

30. The only people who could vote in the colonies were • indentured servants. • landless white men. • white female property owners. • white male property owners.

31. What is the name of the first college founded in North America? • Harvard • Cambridge • William and Mary • Yale

32. The American who best exemplified the Enlightenment way of thinking was • Jonathan Edwards. • Benjamin Franklin. • George Whitefield. • William Penn.

33. Participant Scores

34. Team Scores