Manifest Destiny and Western Settlement: The Oregon Country

1. Section 1-Polling Question • A • B • C Given the choice, would you prefer to work in a factory in the North, at a farm in the South, or as a fur trapper in the West? A.Factory in the North B.Farm in the South C.Trapper in the West

2. Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny Section 1 The Oregon Country

3. Chapter Time Line

4. Chapter Time Line

5. Section 1-Essential Question How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence western settlement?

6. The Oregon Country • A huge area between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean • North of California- Included Oregon, Washington, and Idaho • Plus parts of Montana and Wyoming • Also half of the Canadian Province of British Columbia • The US, Britain, Spain, and Russia all claimed this area

7. Section 1 • A • B • C • D The Oregon Country consisted of what part of the present-day United States? A.the Northeast B.the Northwest C.the Southeast D.the Midwest

8. Adams–Onís Treaty • Many wanted to control Oregon to access the Pacific Ocean • 1819- Secretary of State John Quincy Adams negotiated the Adams–Onís Treaty with Spain • Spain gave up their part of Oregon • 1824- Russia gave up their claim to area south of Alaska • 1818- Adams worked out a joint occupation agreement with Britain • 1000s of Americans steamed into the Oregon Country

9. Why come to Oregon? • The first Americans to Oregon were fur traders • Beaver skin was in high demand in the East and in Europe • The British and Americans set up trading posts • 1808- John Jacob Astor organized the American Fur Company • Astor traded on the East Coast, the Pacific Northwest, and China

10. Getting the fur • At first, merchants traded for furs Native Americans supplied • Later, merchants got fur from Americans known as mountain men • Mountain men made a living by trapping beaver • Many had Native American wives and adopted Native American ways • Lived in buffalo-skin lodges and dressed in fringed buckskin pants, moccasins, and beads

11. Mountain Men • Mountain men set traps in the spring and collected pelts • In late summer they gathered for a rendezvous • Here they traded their pelts for traps, guns, coffee, and other goods • They met with old friends • Also competed in races and swapped stories about their adventures

12. More Mountain Men • Mountain men had to be resourceful • They needed courage and intelligence to live in the wilderness • Trapper Joe Meek was faced with starvation so he held his hands “in an anthill until they were covered with ants, then greedily licked them off” • After a while mountain men could no longer make a living trapping because… • Most of the beaver had been killed • Some moved to Oregon and settled on farms • Others, such as Jim Bridger and Kit Carson, worked as guides • These guides helped travelers along the Oregon Trail, California Trail, and Santa Fe Trail

13. The Whitman Mission • Among the first settlers to Oregon were missionaries who wanted to bring Christianity to Native Americans • Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissa, went to Oregon in 1836 to build a mission among the Cayuse people near present day Walla Walla, Washington • Unknowingly, the settlers brought with them measles • Many of the children of the Cayuse were killed by an epidemic • The Cayuse blamed the Whitmans for the sickness • November 1847- The Cayuse attacked and killed the Whitmans and 11 others • Despite this, more settlers came to Oregon

14. The Oregon Trail • The Panic of 1837 caused people to move • Tens of thousands of people made the trip to Oregon • The emigrants left the United States to go to Oregon • 2,000 mile journey • Pioneers stuffed their prairie schooners with supplies • They met in Independence, Missouri and began the trip on the Oregon Trail • Across the Great Plains, along the Platte River, and across the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains • Then traveled north and west along the Snake and Columbia Rivers into the Oregon Country

15. Manifest Destiny • Since colonial times, many Americans believed our nation should serve as a model of freedom and democracy • This changed in the 1800s- Many believed that the US should spread freedom by occupying the entire continent • 1819- John Quincy Adams said expansion to the Pacific was inevitable “as that the Mississippi should flow into the sea.” • John O’Sullivan declared it was America’s “Manifest Destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us.” • Meaning the US was clearly destined by God to extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean

16. Section 1 • A • B • C • D Who coined the term “Manifest Destiny”? A.the mountain man B.James Polk C.Henry Clay D.John O’Sullivan

17. Fifty-Four Forty or Fight • Most Americans wanted the US to own all of Oregon • 1844 election James Polk and the Democrats used the slogan- “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” • Line of latitude they believed should be the nation’s northern border in Oregon • A firm believer in Manifest Destiny, Polk focused on making Oregon part of the US • Britain did not agree with the border at “Fifty-Four Forty” • 1846- Britain and the US compromised and set the border between the US and British Oregon at latitude 49oN

18. Section 1-Essential Question How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence western settlement? -The idea that Americans had a right to this land helped them feel justified in taking it away from others who were already living on the land or held claim to it.

19. Which was the last country to challenge the United States' control of Oregon? • Russia • Britain • Spain • Mexico

20. What allowed people from both Britain and the United States to settle in Oregon country? • rendezvous • Manifest Destiny • joint occupation • Oregon country occupation

21. Mountain men made their living as • merchants. • teachers. • politicians. • fur trappers.

22. Among the first settlers of the Oregon country, after trappers, were the • missionaries. • merchants. • schoolteachers. • farmers.

23. Oregon country was which direction from California? • north • south • east • west

24. What was the high point of the year for mountain men? • trading merchandise • Native American parties • rendezvous • meeting settlers

25. What philosophy meant that the United States was set apart to extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific? • rendezvous • emigrant • joint occupation • Manifest Destiny