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PIG PRODUCTION

PIG PRODUCTION. Why pigs?. For the gals-they don’t turn into men when they get drunk For the fellas-they have at least 6 pairs of mammary glands They don’t kick or scratch Many opportunities for the “style” of employment The pay is pretty good

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PIG PRODUCTION

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  1. PIG PRODUCTION

  2. Why pigs? • For the gals-they don’t turn into men when they get drunk • For the fellas-they have at least 6 pairs of mammary glands • They don’t kick or scratch • Many opportunities for the “style” of employment • The pay is pretty good • Pigs are the major red meat consumed world-wide (43%) • Diversification-welfare, economics, nutrition, engineering, public health • Career opportunities-they will take you around the world!

  3. Why not pigs? • They smell and bite • You may not feel confident at graduation • You may want to live in the city • You may like one-on-one consulting • You may like surgery • The Australian industry has its ups and downs • You will have to become a strong welfare advocate • You may have to travel a lot

  4. What will you need to know to survive in the pig industry? Problem-solve: • high pork production costs (cents/kg carcass weight). • poor reproductive performance (pigs weaned/sow/year). • poor growth performance (growth rate, mortality, feed efficiency).

  5. What happens on the pig farm? Herd profitability Cost of production (c/kg) Volume (Kg meat) Growing herd efficiency Breeding herd efficiency health nutrition management genetics environment

  6. The structure of the Australian pig industry • 26th in the world • 364Kt Carcass Weight vs China 41,600Kt • Average slaughter weight increasing • 55kg in 1980 … 75kg in 2006 • Import mainly from USA, Canada and Denmark • Export to Japan, Singapore and NZ • We eat 18.8kg pig meat per head • Ranked 23rd in the world • Vs 77kg in Denmark

  7. Per capita consumption of pork-selected countries-calender year 2000 (from PigStats, 2002)

  8. The Aussie Pig Industry 12% 1% 28% 15% 22% 22%

  9. The Aussie pig industry • Number of pig producers is decreasing 49,537 in ’60……2,914 in ’01

  10. Average herd size is increasing Average herd size is increasing (’79=16 sows…’99=101 sows)

  11. Fate of Pig meat in Australia 10/10/04 Pig meat consumed in Australia. Includes imported pork which makes up 70% of processed porkFresh pork Processed pork (40%) (60%)Butchers Supermarkets Ham Bacon Other Pork (22%) (60%) (35%) (40%) (25%)Other fresh (18%)

  12. Overseas markets & how they impact us

  13. Recent challenges for the Australian industry • Low prices • High Aussie dollar hindering exports • Price competition from imports • High feed grain prices (drought)

  14. We import pig meat from:

  15. What type of meat is imported?

  16. We export pig meat to:

  17. We export pig meat as:

  18. How production efficiency and volume are measured in pig herds and what impacts on these parameters

  19. The production system • Breeding - about 1 week after weaning • Natural mating +/- AI • Gestation - about 16 weeks • Stalls, pens • Farrowing / lactation – 3 to 5 weeks • Weaner - 3-10 weeks • Grower/finisher - 10-25 weeks

  20. Keys to success: • Contain costs • Meet mating targets • Fill sheds • Sell at heavy weights • Use feed efficiently (no wastage) • Optimise health and genetics

  21. Costs of Production - examples Average ($/kg Carcass WT) Feed 1.20 Labour (paid) 0.18 Other costs 0.21 Total operating costs 1.59 Capital costs 0.20 Owners labour 0.21 Total costs 2.00 Range: $1.30 > $2.35/kg carcass weight

  22. What determines prices? • Seasonal • Imports • Export demand (25% pork exported) Profit is driven by the cost of feed and pig meat price

  23. Breeding herd Growing herd Kg meat sold/m2 floor space Pigs weaned per sow per year Kg/pig Pigs weaned/litter Litters/sow/yr No. pigs/m2 floor space Physical herd performance

  24. Physical performance-efficiency targets: • Litters/sow/year: 2.27 • Born alive per litter: 11 • Herd liveweight feed conversion efficiency 3:1 • Growth rate: 600g/d • Deaths (10% piglets, 2% weaners, 1% growers)

  25. Physical performance-actuals Breeding herd

  26. Physical performance Breeding herd

  27. Housing types • Indoors • Improved feed efficiency • Reduced labour costs • Outdoors • Lower capital costs • Perceived as welfare friendly • In-between • bedded systems / ecoshelters

  28. Buildings: Straw based “ecoshelter” Conventional shed Capital cost high Operating cost low Capital cost low Operating cost high

  29. Intensive farming

  30. Bedded systems • Especially for progeny (weaners) • Estimates 30% in Australia • Some breeding herds • Chiefly in response to welfare

  31. Bedded systems (cont.) • Cost one half/third of traditional sheds • No internal penning • Perceived as welfare-friendly • Helps in the transition to multi-site, AIAO, Split-sex feeding, phase feeding • On-going costs higher (bedding + labour) • Higher feed intakes and increase in backfat

  32. Systems of raising pigs • Family farms • Corporate farms • Contracting – breeder and grower contracting

  33. Contracting • Shares production & financial risks • Contractor provides land, sheds, labour • Company provides pigs, feed, transport, medication, technical advice, assists in permits etc • Allows for expansion with minimal capital • Stable income for farmer (returns are not market-driven)

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