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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Medical Terminology. Key System Terminology. Bone -------------------------- oste/o Bone marrow ---------------myel/o Note myel/o also means spine Joints ----------------------- arthr/o Cartilage ------------------- chondr/o Bursa ----------------------- burs/o.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Medical Terminology

  2. Key System Terminology • Bone -------------------------- oste/o • Bone marrow ---------------myel/o • Note myel/o also means spine • Joints ----------------------- arthr/o • Cartilage ------------------- chondr/o • Bursa ----------------------- burs/o

  3. Diaphysis Medullary cavity Yellow marrow Epiphysis Red marrow Compact bone Lamellar bone Spongy bone Trabecular bone Periosteum Endosteum Articular cartilage Epiphyseal plate Ligament – connects bone to bone Tendon Bone Anatomy

  4. Axial skeleton 80 bones Skull Spine Thoracic cage Appendicular skeleton 126 bones Shoulder girdle + arm Hip girdle + leg 206 bones

  5. Cranium Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid Face Zygomatic Maxillary Mandible Palatine Lacrimal Vomer Hyoid Bone

  6. Ribs (rib = costal) [12 pairs] True (7) False (3) Floating (2) Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid Shoulder Clavicle Scapula Acromion Process Arm Humerus Radius Ulna ( & olecranon process) Wrist & Hand Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

  7. Spine Vertebrae Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx (4) Intervertebral Discs Pelvic Girdle (hip/ Coxa) Ilium Ischium Pubis Sacrum Acetabulum

  8. Legs Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Ankle & Foot Tarsals Talus Calcaneus Lateral & Medial Malleolus Metatarsals Phalanges

  9. Skeletal System Structures in Medical Terminology • Oste/o = bone • Chondr/o = cartilage • Arthr/o = joints • Myel/o = bone marrow • Note: also can mean spine • Burs/o = bursa • Cost/o = rib

  10. Functional classification based upon movement: immovable = synarthrosis slightly movable = amphiarthrosis freely movable = diarthrosis Most are diarthrosis Also called synovial joints Joints (Articulations) • Joints • Synovial Membrane • Synovial Fluid • Bursa • Articulations • Ligaments • (compare to tendons)

  11. Bursa A sac made up of: Synovial membrane Synovial fluid

  12. Medical Specialists of the Skeletal System • Orthopedist • Those with a medical school degree • Those with a osteopathic school degree • Chiropracter • All diseases center around spinal mal-alignment • Podiatrist • Orthotics

  13. Ankylosis (ankyl/o = stiff; bent) Arthralgia Arthrosclerosis Bursitis Chondroma Chondromalacia (-malacia= abnormal softening) Hallux valgus (bunion; big toe bent towards other toes) Luxation Synovitis Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis (spondyl = vertebrae) This is a type of rheumatoid arthritis Talipes (club foot) Pathology of the Skeletal System

  14. Pathology of the Skeletal System Spine • Herniated disc • Lumbago • Spina bifida • Kyphosis • Lordosis • Scoliosis

  15. ScoliosisKyphosisLordosis

  16. Bone Exostosis (callus) Osteomalacia Osteitis deformans Periostitis Osteochondroma Osteoporosis Fractures Closed (simple) Open (compound) Colles’ Pathology of the Skeletal System

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