Impact of data quality on watershed management—Need for automatic watershed monitoring

1. In His Name The Most High Impact of data quality on watershed management—Need for automatic watershed monitoring By: M. J. Abedini and P. Karimaghaei

2. Outline of Presentation Hydrologic function of a watershed Watershed component landforms Watershed as a system Scientific approach to watershed management Case studies I and II Need for automatic watershed monitoring Future plans

4. Hydrologic function of a watershed Capture Store Safely release water

5. Geomorphic component landforms Stream channels Floodplains Stream terraces Alluvial valley bottoms Alluvial fans Mountain slopes Ridge tops

6. Watershed as a system Alluvial fans A natural grassland replaced by numerous gullies and concentrated flow paths, then: Its ability to spread and dissipate energy Trap debris and sediments Filter and clean surface water Serve as an effective infiltration and ground water recharge zone will be impaired

7. Scientific approach to watershed management Devising alternative hypotheses Devising a crucial experiment Carrying out the experiment to ….. Recycling the above procedure with remaining competitive hypotheses

8. Scientific approach to watershed management Know your watershed Delineate the geomorphic component landforms Determine the hydrologic and geomorphic functions of each component Evaluate the effectiveness of each component in performing its function Identify the cause of problem

9. Scientific approach to watershed management Plan watershed restoration and management alternatives Plan on the type of technology to be applied to fix the problem Incorporate the feasible alternative that will restore the impaired component landforms Monitor the implemented plan

10. Clarify Questions/Issues Propose Conceptual Model A involving broad hypotheses Collect Data/Information To test broad hypotheses invalidated Confirmed Yes Is Conceptual Model A adequate to resolve issues ? Stop No Propose Conceptual Model B with more specific hypotheses invalidated Collect Data/Information to test more specific hypotheses Confirmed Yes To conceptual Model B adequate to resolve issues? Stop No Propose Conceptual Model C with more detailed hypotheses Etc.

11. Case Study I Key Hypothesis Khoshk river hydrograph can be obtained by adding upstream two watersheds’ hydrograph

13. Case Study II Key Hypothesis Causes of Dey 1380 flood compared to Azar 1365 flood

14. Need for automatic watershed monitoring Rainfall monitoring Spatial variability Temporal variability Areal coverage Automating recording raingauges

15. Need for automatic watershed monitoring Runoff monitoring Impact of urbanization Hypothesis testing Model calibration Flood warning system Automating hydrometric stations

16. Component of hydrograph monitoring Water level sensing Recording data Transmitting data via tel. line Editing and storing Retrieving data

17. Future plan Automating tipping-bucket raingauges Automating evaporation pans Ground water monitoring Water quality monitoring

18. Hydrologist require the following measurements: • Water level • Flow • Pressure • Force & torque • Temperature • Displacement • Speed • Radiation • Material Analysis • Particle size • Solved & dissolved gas content • Cavitation • turbidity • Geographical based mapping

19. Block diagram Sensing Element Transformation Transmission Signal Conditioner Calculation Display

20. Dam Automation systems

22. Data logger

23. Hardware

26. Weather Station

27. The standard package includes: • Wind Speed • Wind Direction • Air Temperature • Relative Humidity for temp/ humidity • Barometric Pressure • Precipitation • Solar radiation • water or soil temperature • Rain gauge • Data logging • Solar cells.