American Imperialism

1. American Imperialism 1898 - 1917

2. Stages of Imperialism • Imperialism = one nation extending its power or control over other lands/countries. • Desire for military strength: Build a larger Navy and Military • Economic Interests: foreign trade, unemployment solution, solution to economic depression. • Belief in Cultural Superiority: Free market trade would lead to the survival of the fittest. • Nationalism: love for one’s country

3. Seward’s Icebox • William Seward convinces U.S. to by Alaska in 1867. • Bought from Russia for $7.2 Million. • Oil and gold Found there • 1959 it becomes a state.

4. Taking Hawaii • America goes to plant Sugarcane • 1887 King Kalakaua tries to kick Americans out • American Sugar growers or the Hawaiian League makes him sign the bayonet Constitution • Hawaiians couldn’t vote and Pearl Harbor is given to U.S. Military • 1890 U.S. Government Revokes tax free importation of sugar from Hawaii

5. Taking Hawaii • 1893 Queen Liliuokalani decides to restore power to Hawaiian Monarchy • John L. Stevens American minister to Hawaii starts a rebellion calling in 20,000 Marines to take the island • Sanford B. Dole a sugar tycoon becomes the new president of Hawaii • Claims Hawaii as a protectorate of the U.S. and tries to get it annex

6. Taking Hawaii • Grover Cleveland does not agree with what has happened • William McKinley once president annex’s Hawaii in 1898 • Becomes 50th State in 1959

9. Trade with China • Russia, France, Germany, and U.K. were trading with China. • Spheres of Influence = geographic area where an outside nation exerts special economic or political control • U.S. Secretary of State John Hay suggests the Open Door Policy or trading rights to all nations with China

10. Boxer Rebellion • Antiforeigner sentiments grew because of the new competition for China • The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists or the Boxers • They siege the capital city of Beijing = Boxer Rebellion • 1901 the fight was over and the Open Door Policy gains support

11. Spanish American War • 1868 Cubans revolt against Spanish Rule • Jose Marti a writer pushes a revolution • General Valeriano Weyler is sent by Spain to crush the revolution • Locks civilians up so they couldn’t fuel the rebels

12. Yellow Journalism = Style of sensational reporting. • Helped to gain support for American intervention in War and to sell papers • William Randolph Hearst of the New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World started this trend

14. De Lome Letter • President McKinley did not want to join in the war. • Enrique Dupuy de Lome Spain’s Minister to the U.S. writes the de Lome Letter • It criticizes president McKinley calling him “weak and catering to the rabble” • McKinley in response sends the USS Maine to Havana

15. Remember the Maine • Once arriving in Havana the main is sunk on Feb 15th, 1898 killing 260 sailors • This pushed the U.S. into War. • U.S. battle cry became “Remember the Maine”

16. Battle in Cuba • U.S. soldiers poorly equipped • Rough Riders = Volunteer Calvary led by Theodore Roosevelt • Captured Santiago and soon took Kettle and San Juan Hills • Buffalo Soldiers = All Black Regiments led the charge • Soon after the capture of San Juan Hill Spain surrendered • 2000 U.S. dead $250 Million cost

17. Fight in the Philippines • U.S. sends George Dewey to take Philippine island from Spain. • Emilio Aguinaldo the Filipino rebel leader helps U.S. • U.S. wins Aug 14th 1898

20. Treaty for Peace • Spain gave up Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to U.S. • U.S. buys The Philippine Islands from Spain for $20 Million • Emilio Aguinaldo leads a rebellion against U.S. and we win • 4000 U.S. dead • 220,000 Filipino’s dead

21. Cuban Future • Platt Amendment = limited Cuba’s ability to sign treaties, U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs, Cuba had to lease land to the U.S. for Naval use “ Guantanamo Bay” and Coal. • Cuba was now a Protectorate or a country under the control and protection of another country

22. Puerto Rico’s Future • Foraker Act = U.S. would appoint Puerto Rico’s governor and upper house and the Puerto Rican voters would elect the lower house • 1917 U.S. gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and their voters could elect all their legislative representatives.

23. Panama Canal 1904 -1914 • France starts building in 1880’s • They give up due to Yellow Fever deaths • Walter Reed and Carlos Juan Finlay worked to find a cure for Yellow Fever • U.S. in 1902 buys the building rights from France • 1903 Columbian government would not allow U.S. to build canal • Rebellion breaks out and Roosevelt helps • After the revolution we gain land from a fee Panama.

26. Monroe Doctrine • 1823 declared the Western hemisphere of the world was off limits to colonization by European Nations • Roosevelt Corollary = “Speak softly and carry a big stick” U.S. pledged to use armed force to prevent and European country from seizing territory in the Western Hemisphere. • Also all loans would be paid back to European countries

28. Taft and Wilson’s Plans • Dollar Diplomacy = “Taft” A policy aimed at furthering the interests of the United States abroad by encouraging the investment of U.S. capital in foreign countries. • Moral Diplomacy = “Wilson” use of persuasion and American ideas to advance the nations interests abroad.