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Swine Notes

Swine Notes. Iowa - #1 Illinois Minnesota Indiana Nebraska Missouri North Carolina. Ohio Kansas South Dakota. Leading states in hog production:. People prefer to raise hogs because?. Faster turnover in money - breeding to marketing offspring is only 9-10 months

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Swine Notes

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  1. Swine Notes

  2. Iowa - #1 Illinois Minnesota Indiana Nebraska Missouri North Carolina Ohio Kansas South Dakota Leading states in hog production:

  3. People prefer to raise hogs because? • Faster turnover in money - breeding to marketing offspring is only 9-10 months • Hogs eat large amounts of grain -more efficient in converting feed • Hogs give birth more than once per year • Hogs produce more young per birth than any other animal • Labor is low • Hogs are profitable 9 out of 10 years

  4. 4 prime cuts of meat: • Picnic shoulder • Loin • Boston shoulder • ham

  5. Factors for selecting a herd boar: • Reproductive soundness (testicles) • Type and quality (length, loin-eye, back fat thickness) • Performance testing results • Pedigree (ancestry) • Health (brucellosis, leptospirosis, pseudorabies) • Age (don’t breed before 9 months old) • Show ring performance

  6. Selecting sows: • Soundness (sexual and structure) • Conformation • Gain and feed efficiency • Litter size • health

  7. Sow Productivity Index: • # pigs born alive • # pigs weaned • Litter weight at 21 days of age • # litters per sow per year

  8. Feeder pig selection: • Health • Type • Size (35-80 lbs.) • Uniformity

  9. Feeding Swine • Corn – basic energy feed used in hog rations -lacks several amino acids necessary (lysine and tryptophan) -must be supplemented with protein, minerals, and vitamins

  10. Feeding Swine • Barley: substitute for corn -higher fiber and less digestible energy than corn -check barley for scabs (disease in barley) -must be supplemented also

  11. Feeding Swine: • Milo (grain sorgum) -ground in the south -Higher protein than corn -substitute for corn -add supplements also

  12. Breeding Facts: • Gilts should be 8 months before they are bred (weigh 250lbs) • Boars should be 9 months old before they are bred • Breed gilts twice at 12 hour intervals • Breed sows twice at 24 hour intervals • Put in farrowing crate 1 day before they should give birth • Keep newborns at 90-95 degrees

  13. Clip needle teeth and naval cord right away • Dock tails of pigs and give iron shots • Castrate young • Wean 5-8 weeks old and at least 12 lbs. • Ear notch

  14. Kinds of swine markets: • Direct marketing: -selling to packing plants, order, buyers, or country buying stations -76% of hogs are sold this way -producer deals with the buyer 2. Terminal markets: -hogs are cosigned to a commission firm -the firm deals with the buyer -12% of hogs are sold this way -buyers compete and can raise the profit more than in the direct market

  15. 3. Auction markets: -8% in US sold this way -cost to market the swine are commissions, insurance, yardage, and feed costs 4. Group marketing: -groups pull together in a co-op to fight for better market prices

  16. Pricing methods: • Sold on weight at market • Sold on weight and grade groups at market standards (standards are set by the buyer) • Grade and yield -determine price after slaughter -in an error is made, no possible way to re-grade the animal

  17. Market Classes and Grades: • Determine classification by: • Sex • Use (slaughter or feeder) • Their grade Barrows and gilts’ grades are based on carcass quality and the yield of the 4 lean cuts

  18. 5 USDA grades • US No1 • US No2 • US No3 • US No4 • US Utility

  19. To determine official grade, estimate: • Backfat thickness • Muscle score Equation: (4.0 x backfat thickness over last rib, in inches)-(1.0 x muscling score)

  20. Muscle Scores: • Thin = 1 • Average = 2 • Thick (superior) = 3 • Exp: backfat = 1.05 inches and superior muscling Answer = 1.2 (US No 1 Grade)

  21. Preliminary Grades: • <1.00 in = US No 1 • 1.0 – 1.24 in = US No 2 • 1.25 – 1.49 in = US No 3 • 1.5 -> in = US No 4

  22. Shrinkage: • Hogs lose weight when shipped • You’ll always have at least 2% shrinkage no matter the distance

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