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When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer .

When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer . The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time. Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or tumour.

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When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer .

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  1. When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer. The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time.

  2. Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or tumour. • Tumours may be benign - generally does not affect surrounding cells • or malignant - cancerous. • Cancer cells that break away from original tumour to a different part of the body and grow in this new location, a new tumour will form. This process is called metastasis (meh.-tass-ta-sis)

  3. Normal duplication of DNA in a cell is error free. • Sometimes random changes occur in the cell’s DNA called mutations. Changes may cause: • No noticable change in cell • Death of the cell • Cancer

  4. Some mutations are caused by carcinogens, environmental factors that cause cancer. Examples include: • Tobacco smoke • Radiation • Some viruses • Chemicals • Organic solvents.

  5. Health Canada reports that 9 out of 10 lung cancer cases are caused by smoking.

  6. Even when tobacco is chewed it can cause cancer – mouth, throat and stomach cancer.

  7. Radiation can cause skin cancer. Are tanning beds safer than tanning in the sun?

  8. ASR 121 71 62 22 20 16 14 13 12 10 ASR 106 49 41 19 14 14 12 10 8 8 ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005

  9. ASR 63 27 26 9 9 8 7 7 6 5 ASR 40 24 17 8 7 6 4 4 3 3 ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005

  10. Personal medical history • Hereditiy ( breast and colon cancer) • Exposure to carcinogens in the environment • Lifestyle choices: exercise and food choices Question: Which factors are within your control?

  11. At home, as part of a routine self-examination • By a doctor, such as a pap test or blood test • As genetic testing, when there is a family history of cancer Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get cancer? Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer

  12. The earlier a cancer is diagnosed, the better the chances of successful treatment. Some diagnostic imaging techniques: • Endoscopy – used mostly to diagnose cancers of the digestive tract

  13. 2. X-rays • Bones, lungs and breast tissues

  14. 3. Ultrasound – use sound waves to take pictures of soft tissue (heart and liver) Baby Four chambers of heart

  15. 4. CT scan – multiple x-rays put together by computer to generate a 3-D image Tiny spot of lung cancer

  16. 5. MRI – radio waves and magnetic field create a 3-D image even better than a CT scan MRI – breast cancer

  17. 1. Surgery – Physical removal of tumour 2. Chemotherapy – Drugs spread through the body to stop cancer cells from dividing. As they “kill” cancer cells they can damage healthy cells. • Radiation therapy – Radiation damages DNA. Beams of radiation are directed at tumour, or radioactive sources are surgically implanted in tumour. 4. Biophotonics (NEW) - uses beams of light to detect and treat the cancer cells. What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?

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