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The Cold War

The Cold War. Chapter 26 (1945-1960). I. Former Allies Clash. A. Situation, post-War. Soviet Union– most devastated by war, spread communism Germany– Devastated by war, defeated, occupied by US, USSR Berlin– Occupied by allies.

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War Chapter 26 (1945-1960)

  2. I. Former Allies Clash

  3. A. Situation, post-War • Soviet Union– most devastated by war, spread communism • Germany– Devastated by war, defeated, occupied by US, USSR • Berlin– Occupied by allies

  4. 4)United States– least devastated by war, strongest nation in world, atomic bomb • 5) England– broke, lost colonies, still thinks it’s a world power

  5. B. United Nations • Created 1945, San Francisco • Note the organization of the Council • Permanent members do not include Germany or Japan… Why?

  6. The United Nations

  7. C. Yalta Conference • Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill, 1945 • Agreed on United Nations, Stalin would hold free elections in occupied Europe

  8. D. Harry Truman • 1) problems– Japan, atomic bomb, finishing the war, ill-informed • 2) important decisions– post-war Europe and Japan, problems with Stalin, atomic bomb

  9. E. Potsdam Conference • Stalin refused to hold free elections • US-USSR problems started • Truman not experienced enough to stand up to Stalin Atlee, Truman, Stalin– The New Big Three

  10. The Potsdam Conference

  11. II. Tension Mounts

  12. 1) United States’ Goals • Spread democracy • Rebuild Europe to promote stability and prevent war • Remember what happened after WWI?

  13. 2) USSR’s Goals • Create “buffer states” between itself and Germany • Keep Germany occupied • Spread communism

  14. B. Satellite nations • Nations controlled by Soviet Union in all but name • Occupied by Soviet armies

  15. C. Contaiment • George Kennan– author of containment, 1947 • What’s it mean to contain something? • Keep it from spreading • What would such a policy eventually mean?

  16. D. Churchill’s Iron Curtain • Speech, Fulton, MO, the world is divided, “iron curtain,” democracy vs communism • To the West? The free world of Democracy • To the East? Soviet influence of Communism

  17. Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

  18. III. Cold War in Europe

  19. A. What is a Cold War • 1) What’s a hot war? • Cold war is fighting in other ways other than direct confrontation • Economic, political, diplomatic, etc.

  20. B. Truman Doctrine • 1) definition– the US will aid the fight for democracy around the world • 2) nations– US, USSR, the “freedom movements” • 3) what could this lead to? • Direct confrontation? Nuclear War?

  21. C. Marshall Plan • Plan for US to finance rebuilding of western Europe • Why? What would it do? • Rebuild economies • Why would we want that? • Democracies do not crumble when everything is going well • Effect? • Very successful… The $13 billion was used to quickly restore the economies and open strong trade markets • George Marshall– US Secretary of State

  22. IV. Superpowers Struggle over Germany

  23. A. Status of Germany • Divided, East vs West, joint occupation of Berlin

  24. POST-WAR GERMANY

  25. B. Status of Berlin • Controlled by US, France, England, Soviet Union

  26. DIVIDED BERLIN

  27. C. Berlin Air Lift • Stalin cuts off Berlin • US Airforce flies in supplies for one year • Stalin quits

  28. BERLIN AIRLIFT MAP

  29. D. Division of Germany • East and West Germany • East– Communist • West– Democratic • Effect--

  30. E. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • US and western allies • Attack on one=attack on all • Soviet Response– Warsaw Pact

  31. Today

  32. V. The Cold War Heats Up

  33. A. China

  34. Location next to North Korea

  35. 1) Mao Zai Dong (Zedong) • Leader of the Chinese Communists

  36. 2) Chaing Kai Shek • Leader of the Nationalists (American ally)

  37. Chinese Civil War

  38. 4) Losing China • What is lost? • “Free China”… China becomes Communist • Who will get the blame? • The U.S.

  39. 5) Effect on Containment • What is containment? • What will happen with containment now? • People doubt it? • Will it become more forceful?

  40. 1) Location of Korea

  41. 2) 38th Parallel • US troops– occupy the south • Soviet troops– occupy the north • What will this do in the future?

  42. 3) South Korea • Becomes democratic, American ally

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