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Cold War Tensions: Allies Clash and Global Confrontation

Learn about the post-World War II tensions between former allies, the rise of the Cold War, the United Nations, key conferences like Yalta and Potsdam, the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and the division of Germany. Understand the significance of the Iron Curtain speech by Churchill and the growing struggle between superpowers. Explore the impact of the China location in the Cold War, including the Chinese Civil War and the Korean conflict. Examine how global alliances shaped the geopolitical landscape during this critical period.

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Cold War Tensions: Allies Clash and Global Confrontation

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  1. The Cold War Chapter 26 (1945-1960)

  2. I. Former Allies Clash

  3. A. Situation, post-War • Soviet Union– most devastated by war, spread communism • Germany– Devastated by war, defeated, occupied by US, USSR • Berlin– Occupied by allies

  4. 4)United States– least devastated by war, strongest nation in world, atomic bomb • 5) England– broke, lost colonies, still thinks it’s a world power

  5. B. United Nations • Created 1945, San Francisco • Note the organization of the Council • Permanent members do not include Germany or Japan… Why?

  6. The United Nations

  7. C. Yalta Conference • Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill, 1945 • Agreed on United Nations, Stalin would hold free elections in occupied Europe

  8. D. Harry Truman • 1) problems– Japan, atomic bomb, finishing the war, ill-informed • 2) important decisions– post-war Europe and Japan, problems with Stalin, atomic bomb

  9. E. Potsdam Conference • Stalin refused to hold free elections • US-USSR problems started • Truman not experienced enough to stand up to Stalin Atlee, Truman, Stalin– The New Big Three

  10. The Potsdam Conference

  11. II. Tension Mounts

  12. 1) United States’ Goals • Spread democracy • Rebuild Europe to promote stability and prevent war • Remember what happened after WWI?

  13. 2) USSR’s Goals • Create “buffer states” between itself and Germany • Keep Germany occupied • Spread communism

  14. B. Satellite nations • Nations controlled by Soviet Union in all but name • Occupied by Soviet armies

  15. C. Contaiment • George Kennan– author of containment, 1947 • What’s it mean to contain something? • Keep it from spreading • What would such a policy eventually mean?

  16. D. Churchill’s Iron Curtain • Speech, Fulton, MO, the world is divided, “iron curtain,” democracy vs communism • To the West? The free world of Democracy • To the East? Soviet influence of Communism

  17. Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

  18. III. Cold War in Europe

  19. A. What is a Cold War • 1) What’s a hot war? • Cold war is fighting in other ways other than direct confrontation • Economic, political, diplomatic, etc.

  20. B. Truman Doctrine • 1) definition– the US will aid the fight for democracy around the world • 2) nations– US, USSR, the “freedom movements” • 3) what could this lead to? • Direct confrontation? Nuclear War?

  21. C. Marshall Plan • Plan for US to finance rebuilding of western Europe • Why? What would it do? • Rebuild economies • Why would we want that? • Democracies do not crumble when everything is going well • Effect? • Very successful… The $13 billion was used to quickly restore the economies and open strong trade markets • George Marshall– US Secretary of State

  22. IV. Superpowers Struggle over Germany

  23. A. Status of Germany • Divided, East vs West, joint occupation of Berlin

  24. POST-WAR GERMANY

  25. B. Status of Berlin • Controlled by US, France, England, Soviet Union

  26. DIVIDED BERLIN

  27. C. Berlin Air Lift • Stalin cuts off Berlin • US Airforce flies in supplies for one year • Stalin quits

  28. BERLIN AIRLIFT MAP

  29. D. Division of Germany • East and West Germany • East– Communist • West– Democratic • Effect--

  30. E. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • US and western allies • Attack on one=attack on all • Soviet Response– Warsaw Pact

  31. Today

  32. V. The Cold War Heats Up

  33. A. China

  34. Location next to North Korea

  35. 1) Mao Zai Dong (Zedong) • Leader of the Chinese Communists

  36. 2) Chaing Kai Shek • Leader of the Nationalists (American ally)

  37. Chinese Civil War

  38. 4) Losing China • What is lost? • “Free China”… China becomes Communist • Who will get the blame? • The U.S.

  39. 5) Effect on Containment • What is containment? • What will happen with containment now? • People doubt it? • Will it become more forceful?

  40. 1) Location of Korea

  41. 2) 38th Parallel • US troops– occupy the south • Soviet troops– occupy the north • What will this do in the future?

  42. 3) South Korea • Becomes democratic, American ally

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