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Spanish Empire Crisis

Spanish Empire Crisis. International and American Context. 1593-1721. INTERNATIONAL SITUATION: 17 TH CENTURY – SPANISH DECLINE ENGLAND, HOLLAND AND FRANCE SUCCESS SPAIN HAD EXPLOITED AMERICAS’ NATURAL RESOURCES WITHOUT PAYING ATTENTION TO COLONY ECONOMY.

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Spanish Empire Crisis

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  1. Spanish Empire Crisis International and American Context

  2. 1593-1721 • INTERNATIONAL SITUATION: • 17TH CENTURY – SPANISH DECLINE • ENGLAND, HOLLAND AND FRANCE SUCCESS • SPAIN HAD EXPLOITED AMERICAS’ NATURAL RESOURCES WITHOUT PAYING ATTENTION TO COLONY ECONOMY. • PORTUGAL REINFORCE THEIR INFLUENCE IN BRAZIL, AFRICA, INDIA, CHINA AND JAPAN • FRANCE USED THE COMPANY OF THE WEST/EAST INDIES TO GAIN LANDS SPECIALLY IN NORTH AMERICA. • HOLLAND WAS ABLE TO SET COMMERCIAL POSTS WITHOUT CONTROLLING LAND IN AFRICA, ASIA AND AMERICA. • ABSOLUTISM WAS THE WAY OF RULING EUROPE

  3. Spain decline • PHILIP II HAD INHERITED THE LARGEST KINGDOM ON EARTH AT THAT TIME. • CARLOS V HAD WASTED AMERICA’S SILVER. • PHILIP II MAIN WORRY WAS TO STOP PROTESTANTS AND CATHOLIC COUNTER REFORMATION • PHILIP II RULED UNDER A CENTRAL, DESPOTIC AND INQUISITORIAL GOVERNMENT. • AN EXAMPLE OF SPAIN DURING 17TH CENTURY WAS ……. OF MIGUEL DE CERVANTES. As a paradox, America’s wealth made Spain impossible to evolve to a new economy and to a modern society. Why?

  4. Spain decline • CONSEQUENCES: • INFLATION – DUE TO THE GREAT AMOUNT OF SILVER IN SPANISH HANDS. EXPLAIN • AGRICULTURE WAS NEGLECTED BECAUSE OF MIGRATION AND LANDS ABANDON. WHY? • NON PRODUCTIVE SERVICES WERE IN FASHION. • LATE 17TH CENTURY, SPAIN LOST ITS PROTAGONISM AS A POWERFUL COUNTRY.

  5. ECONOMY IN SPANISH COLONIES • MERCANTILISM: STATES POWER VS. ITS WEALTH • WEALTH: PRECIOUS METALS AND TRADING. • STATE INCOME: • TRADING MONOPOLY (fabrics and wine), • TAXES TO PRODUCTS (OUT AND IN ) It was forbidden to trade between colonies and with other countries beside Spain. • QUITO GOT AN IMPORTAN TEXTIL PRODUCTION (PAÑOS , BAYETAS) • FABRICS WERE MADE IN “OBRAJES” AND “MITAYOS” WORKED THERE. • MITA ( TIME OR SHIFT) • IT WAS A DUTY TO WORK IN ANY ACTIVITY CHOOSEN BY THE AUTHORITIES AND GETTING A SALARY. • MITA SUPPLIED LABOR TO COLONIAL ECONOMY • CACIQUEZ SONS, CRAFTSMEN, AND WHO WERE STUDYING WERE NOT SUBJECT OF MITA. • DURING 17TH CENTURY – GUAYAQUIL WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT PORT IN “REAL AUDIENCIA DE QUITO.” • IT SUFFERED OF SEVERAL PIRATE ATTACKS.

  6. 1793 - 1808 • COLONIAL ORDER WAS REDEFINED • WHY?

  7. BORBONIC LAWS

  8. CONSEQUENCES • AMERICAN SPANISH OR “CRIOLLOS” DIDN’T ACCEPT THE BORBONIC LAWS. • WHY? AT THE END OF 18TH CENTURY, SPAIN AND SPANISH AMERICA WERE BOTH POOR AND UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS

  9. RESEARCH • CACAO PRODUCTION IN ECUADOR AT THE END OF SPANISH COLONY • COLONIAL SOCIETY FROM 1793 TO 1808

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