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Challenges to the Spanish Empire

Challenges to the Spanish Empire. French Exploration. The exploration of Jacques Cartier in the 1530s led to the first French attempts at colonization in the North America Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River area between New York and Canada

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Challenges to the Spanish Empire

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  1. Challenges to the Spanish Empire

  2. French Exploration • The exploration of Jacques Cartier in the 1530s led to the first French attempts at colonization in the North America • Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River area between New York and Canada • Colonization of Canada would have to wait, however, as France plummeted into religious civil war

  3. French Exploration • After 1600, Samuel de Champlain 27 expeditions from France to Canada • He would become known as the “Father of New France”

  4. Defeat of the Armada • Trying to avoid open war, Queen Elizabeth encouraged English sea captains to engage in smuggling and piracy against Spanish ships • After 20 years, the Spanish had enough, and coupled with the beheading of Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin (Mary, Queen of Scots), Philip II of Spain assembled the Spanish Armada

  5. Defeat of the Spanish Armada • The Spanish Armada was the greatest invasion fleet in history • “I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a King of England too.” • The large, heavy ships of the Armada were no make for the small, quick ships of the English fleet • “God blew and they were dispersed.” • “I sent the Armada against men, not God’s wind and waves.”

  6. English Exploration • With the defeat of the Armada, the English asserted their naval superiority • Sir Humphrey Gilbert set sail for North America in 1578 to establish a colony • He was aiming for Rhode Island, but landed in Newfoundland • He took possession of the land, but with the harsh winter and the loss of his largest ships he left for home • His ship vanished along the way and he was never seen again

  7. Roanoke Island • Sir Walter Raleigh convinced the queen to give him a renewal of Gilbert’s mission • Raleigh landed at Roanoke Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina • Raleigh named the area Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth

  8. Roanoke Island • In 1587, Raleigh returned with 100 colonists • Governor John White left on a return trip to England a month later to gather supplies • Upon his return, Roanoke had been abandoned and sacked • No trace of the colonists was every found • Some think they were attacked by Indians • Some think they were attacked by Spaniards • Current evidence shows they may have migrated north to the Chesapeake due to a drought

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