Molecules and Functional Groups

1. Molecules and Functional Groups Douglas Burks BIO231: Introduction to Cell Wilmington College

2. Carbon BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Biological molecules based on carbon • four bonds • middle range electronegativity • forms bonds with many different elements • forms bonds easily with self enabling large molecules to form • functional groups are the groups that attach to carbon • oxygen • nitrogen • sulfur

3. Polar C-O-H C= O N-H C-P P-O-H P=O Non polar C-C C=C C-N C-H C-S Polar vs nonpolar bonds BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201

4. Functional Groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Give characteristics to molecules • Oxygen based • Hydroxyl • polar • forms hydrogen bonds. • Carboxyl group • acidic • forms ion • salt bridges

5. Functional Groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Ether • polar group • Ester group • polar

6. Functional groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Carbonyl group • polar • double bonded oxygen • terminal carbon • aldehyde • internal carbon • ketone

7. Functional Groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Nitrogen based functional groups • amino (amine) • nitrogen and hydrogen • polar • amino acids • imino group • double bond • carbon to nitrogen

8. Functional groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Sulfur based • thiol group • nonpolar • disulfide bridge • forms between two thiol groups

9. Functional groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Phosphate • phosphorus • oxygen • inonizable

10. Functional groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Hydrocarbon • nonpolar • methyl group • one carbon • acetyl group • two carbons

11. Functional groups BIO231: Introduction to Cell Biology Fall 201 • Cyclic • phenyl • nonpolar • phenol • OH group