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Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

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Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

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    1. Unit 10 Chapter 37 Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion

    2. The Respiratory System Pathway of air: Nasal passages = to warm, moisten, & filter Pharynx = throat Epiglottis = cartilage flap covering opening of trachea, prevents food from entering Larynx = voice box

    3. The Respiratory System Trachea (windpipe) surrounded by cartilage rings to prevent collapse Bronchi ? bronchioles successively smaller tubes branching into lungs Alveoli small sacs where oxygen & CO2 are exchanged by simple diffusion

    4. The Respiratory System Types of Respiration: External Respiration Occurs in lungs, oxygen enters blood Internal Respiration Occurs in body cells, oxygen enters tissue

    5. The Respiratory System Mechanics of breathing: Inhaling = diaphragm contracts, chest enlarges, reduced pressure brings in air Exhaling = diaphragm relaxes, chest reduces, increased pressure pushes out air

    6. Diaphragm

    7. The Circulatory System: the Blood Plasma Straw colored fluid portion of blood Transports food, cell wastes, hormones, antibodies, etc

    8. The Circulatory System: the Blood Red Blood Cells Small, disc-shaped cells without nuclei Contains Hemoglobin, which gives RBCs the ability to transport oxygen

    9. The Circulatory System: the Blood White Blood Cells Large, nucleated cells without color Change shape to slip in & out of vessels; for surrounding and engulfing foreign substances

    10. The Circulatory System: the Blood Platelets Very small cell fragments Help clot the blood after an injury

    11. The Circulatory System: the Blood Blood Types A, B, AB & O are determined by antigens: Antigens are substances that stimulate an immune response in the body Plasma contains antibodies: Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that match with antigens

    13. The Circulatory System: the Vessels Arteries Large, thick-walled, muscular vessels Carry blood away from the heart

    14. The Circulatory System: the Vessels Veins Large, less muscular vessels with valves to prevent backflow of blood Carry blood toward the heart

    15. Veins

    16. The Circulatory System: the Vessels Capillaries Microscopic blood vessels branching throughout body tissues One cell thick walls allow exchange of materials between blood & tissues

    17. The Circulatory System: the heart Chambers of the heart: Atria Upper, thin-walled chambers that receive blood from body Ventricles Lower, muscular chambers that pump blood to the entire body

    18. The Circulatory System: the heart Blood vessels: Vena cavae are the largest veins that enter Right Atrium Pulmonary Artery takes blood to lungs, while Pulmonary Veins bring it back to heart Aorta is the largest artery that leaves the Left ventricle

    19. Circulation of blood through the heart

    20. Circulation of blood through the body

    21. The Circulatory System: the heart Pulse The surge of blood through an artery; can measure the number of heartbeats/minute Blood Pressure The force that blood exerts on the blood vessels; directly relates to heart health

    22. EKG

    24. The Urinary System Kidneys Filter the blood to remove wastes, maintaining homeostasis of the body fluids Nephron About one million filtering units per kidney

    25. The Urinary System Ureters Tubes connecting kidney to bladder Urinary bladder Temporary storage of urine Urethra Passes urine from bladder out of the body

    26. Kidney

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