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Welcome to the States of Matter HMMM???

Explore the Kinetic Molecular Theory, Gas Laws, and Factors Affecting Gas Pressure. Understand Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. Learn about gas stoichiometry and states of matter dynamics with a focus on solids, liquids, and gases. Discover how matter is in constant motion and has kinetic energy. Enhance your understanding with simulations and videos. Engage with the principles governing the behavior of gases in various conditions.

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Welcome to the States of Matter HMMM???

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  1. Welcome to the States of Matter HMMM???

  2. The Kinetic Molecular Theory Introduction to the Kinetic Molecular Theory

  3. 13.1 • According to kinetic theory: • Gas particles are small, hard spheres with a small volume. • Gases are in constant, random, straight line motion • Collisions are elastic

  4. 13.1 Kinetic Theory and a Model for Gases • Some Facts About Kinetic energy • energy of motion • ALL matter is in motion • ALL matter has kinetic energy • Higher temperature = more kinetic energy

  5. Compressibility • Cool Property of Gases • (but not liquids or solids) • Compressibility • Measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure. • Large distance between gas molecules

  6. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure • Variables Related to Gases • pressure (P) in kilopascals or atm • volume (V) in liters or milliliters • temperature (T) in kelvins (add to 273.15 to °C) • the number of moles (n).

  7. Pressure Conversions • The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa). Common Pressure Conversions 1atm = 101,325 Pa = 101.3 kPa = 760torr = 760 mmHg

  8. Complete the following conversions 1.3 atm to KPa 789mmHg to atm 890.5torr to atm 2.5 atm to Pa and Kpa 670mmHg to torr

  9. Introduction to the Gas Laws • Boyles Law – pressure and volume • Charles Law – temperature and volume • Gay-Lussac’s – pressure and temperature

  10. Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume • Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume • If the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases. • Indirect relationship

  11. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure • Volume • If you… • Decrease the volume(push down on the bike pump) • Less room for the gas • Hits the sides more often • Increases the pressure

  12. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure • When the volume of the container is halved, the pressure the gas exerts is doubled.

  13. Click to Run Boyles Law Simulation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eR49g3ubTBg

  14. Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume • Boyle’s law

  15. 14.1

  16. Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume • Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases. • Direct Relationship

  17. Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume • As the temperature of the water increases, the volume of the balloon increases.

  18. Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume • Charles Law – Volume Temperature • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NplVuTrr59U

  19. Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume • Charles’s law

  20. 14.2

  21. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature • Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature • As the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure increases. • Direct Relationship • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6DZRiSIK3s

  22. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure • Temperature • If you… • Increase the temperature • Increases the kinetic energy • Molecules move faster • Hit the sides more often • Increases the pressure

  23. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature • When a gas is heated at constant volume, the pressure increases.

  24. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature • Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant.

  25. 14.3

  26. Gas Stoichiometry The following equation shows the combustion of propane gas: C3H8 + 5 O2→ 3 CO2 + 4 H2O What will be the volume of oxygen gas required to completely combust 0.350L of propane? What volume of CO2 is produced from the combustion of 5.6L of propane?

  27. A Cool Model to Start Us Off http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/ More About States of Matter

  28. What You Should Learn • Recognize solids have stronger attractive forces than liquids and liquids have stronger forces than gases. • Recognize solids have more ordered arrangement than liquids or gases. • Explain why ionic solids melt at higher temperatures than covalent solids. • Describe states of matter in terms of motion and arrangement of molecules or atoms.

  29. Focus on Liquids http://www.teachertube.com/video/fast-facts-about-liquids-12446

  30. 13.2 A Model for Liquids • Fluid – any substance that flows • Liquid Gas

  31. 13.2 A Model for Liquids • Stronger attractions than gases • Less space between molecules • Denser than a gas

  32. Model of a Liquid A quick Video

  33. 13.3 A Model for Solids Focus on Solids • Orderly arrangement of atoms/molecules • Fixed, vibrating in position

  34. 13.3 A Model for Solids • The melting point (mp) is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. A Video A simulation

  35. A States of Matter Simulation

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