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Biology

Primate Classification. Biology. Kingdom Animalia. Multicellular Eukaryotic Typically heterotrophs that ingest food No cell walls Most reproduce sexually In most phyla, cells are organized into tissues that make up organs. Phylum Chordata. Dorsal hollow nerve cord (spinal cord)

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Biology

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  1. Primate Classification Biology

  2. Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Typically heterotrophs that ingest food • No cell walls • Most reproduce sexually • In most phyla, cells are organized into tissues that make up organs

  3. Phylum Chordata • Dorsal hollow nerve cord (spinal cord) • Notochord (develops into backbone in vertebrates) • Pharyngeal pouches (become gills in aquatic organisms) • Muscular post-anal tail (vestigial in humans) Chordates have all of the above features during at least part of their development

  4. Subphylum Vertebrata • Possess a vertebral column (backbone) that supports and protects the dorsal nerve cord (spinal cord) • Endoskeleton • Distinct head with a skull and brain

  5. Class Mammalia • Endothermic • Subcutaneous (under the skin) fat • Hair • Most viviparous (live birth) • Suckle (feed) young with milk produced in mammary glands • Four-chambered heart and lungs

  6. Order Primates • Placental mammals • Highly developed brain and complex social behavior • Excellent binocular vision • Five flexible digits on hands and feet • Well developed clavicle (collar bone) • Mobile shoulder and elbow joints

  7. Suborder Prosimian (1 of 2) • Nocturnal • Large eyes adapted for seeing in the dark • Doglike snouts • Examples: Bush babies (Africa), Lemurs (Madagascar), Lorises & Tarsiers (Asia)

  8. Lemurs • Naturally found in Madagascar(“Mada-who-ha?” “No, not who-ha! -Ascar!”) • All species are endangered

  9. Lorises • Nocturnal, found mostly in Southeast Asia • These are the “slow loris” variety of the genus Nycticebus

  10. Tarsiers • Nocturnal primate found in Southeast Asia • Largest eyes relative to body size • Its eyes cannot move in their sockets, but it can turn its head 180 degrees in either direction

  11. Suborder Anthropoid (2 of 2) includes three superfamilies 1. Superfamily - New World Monkeys • Central and South America • Mostly nocturnal • Long flexible arms • Prehensile tail (“fifth arm”) • Mostly live in trees • Examples: Squirrel monkey, Spider monkey, Howler monkey, Capuchin

  12. New World Monkey • Found in Mexico and Central and South America • Prehensile tails

  13. Suborder Anthropoid includes three superfamilies Old World Anthropoids 2. Superfamily - Old World Monkeys • Non-prehensile tail • Live in trees and on the ground • Found in Africa, Asia, Indonesia, Japan • Examples: Rhesus monkey, Baboon, Macaque, Colobus monkey, Mandrill

  14. Old World Monkey • Native to Asia and Africa • Prominent nose structure

  15. Suborder Anthropoid includes three superfamilies Old World Anthropoids 3. Superfamily Hominoid • Lesser Apes & Great Apes – family pongid • Humans – family hominid/hominine

  16. Superfamily hominoid has two families 1. Family Pongid • Lesser Apes • Native to Asia • No tail • Live in trees • Examples: Gibbon, Siamang

  17. Gibbons • AKA “Lesser apes” • Really good at swinging • Territorial and known for their vocal calls

  18. Superfamily hominoid has two families 1. Family Pongid • Great Apes • Native to Africa • No tail • Live in trees but mostly live on the ground • Examples: Orangutans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees

  19. Orangutans • “Orang Hutan” translates into “People of the Forest” • One of the kinds of great apes • Comes from Asia

  20. Gorilla • Found in tropical rain forests in Africa • Arms are longer than their legs • “walk” on their knuckles

  21. Chimpanzee • Native to Africa • Complex social behavior and communication

  22. Characteristics of apes that distinguish them from humans • V shaped jaw • Quadripedal, live mostly on ground • Vase-shaped pelvis • Rear foramen magnum

  23. Superfamily hominoid has two families 2. Family Hominid or Hominine Human characteristics that distinguish them from apes (pongids) • U shaped jaw • Bipedal (walking upright on two legs) • Bowl shaped pelvis • Centered foramen magnum

  24. Humans Just look in the mirror!

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