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Creating a Bio-refinery Based on Pulping Technology

Creating a Bio-refinery Based on Pulping Technology. Don Guay – Dept. of Paper Science & Engineering Eric Singsaas – Dept of Biology UW – Stevens Point. Biofuel barriers. Feedstock Grains are not a long-term solution Cellulosic feedstocks must come from many sources

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Creating a Bio-refinery Based on Pulping Technology

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  1. Creating a Bio-refinery Based on Pulping Technology Don Guay – Dept. of Paper Science & Engineering Eric Singsaas – Dept of Biology UW – Stevens Point

  2. Biofuel barriers • Feedstock • Grains are not a long-term solution • Cellulosic feedstocks must come from many sources • Cellulose processing • Low cellulose hydrolysis yield • Cellulase enzymes are costly • Requires caustic and energy-intensive pretreatment • Many steps required for bioprocessing • Products (ethanol) • Low energy density compared with petroleum fuels • Corrosive • Transport issues • Market saturation

  3. Lee R Lynd, Mark S Laser, David Bransby, Bruce E Dale, Brian Davison, Richard Hamilton, Michael Himmel, Martin Keller, James D McMillan, John Sheehan & Charles E Wyman Nature Biotechnology 26, 169 - 172 (2008)doi:10.1038/nbt0208-169

  4. Availability

  5. Softwood pulp Hardwood pulp Corn stover Miscanthus grass http://www.energy.iastate.edu/becon/tour/tourimages/02-corn_stover.jpg

  6. SSF Enzymatic Hydrolysis Fermentation Size reduction Remove Hemicellulose Catalyst Remove Lignin

  7. Treated softwood pulp Untreated softwood pulp

  8. Direct Bioproduction of Energy-Rich Fuels This breakthrough, high-payoff opportunity focuses on microbes for direct production of hydrophobic alternative fuels (i.e., alkanes, longer-chain alcohols, and fatty acids). This would overcome one limitation of nearly all bioconversions—they result in dilute aqueous mixtures. Typical industrial product concentrations are 100 to 150 g/L for ethanol and other such products as organic acids. This limitation imposes separation requirements that increase process and energy costs. New fermentation systems would be highly desirable to allow significant increases in product concentration, new types of products, and new processes for product recovery. Strong increases in efficiency also could be achieved by developing continuous processes. U.S. DOE. 2006. Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Joint Research Agenda, DOE/SC/EE-0095, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, http://doegenomestolife.org/biofuels/.. Adapted from M. Himmel and J. Sheehan, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

  9. *BTU/gal. Gasoline energy content ranges 111,000-125,000

  10. ispS Isoprene Glucose MBO synthase Methyl butenol The MEP pathway 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate Tomohisa KUZUYAMA, “Mevalonate and Nonmevalonate Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Isoprene Units”, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., Vol. 66, 1619-1627 (2002) .

  11. Isoprenoids & their potential uses

  12. Enabling technologies • Metabolic control analysis of the MEP pathway • Synthetic MEP pathway operon • MBO synthase gene • Bioreactor experiments

  13. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/besd/highlights.shtml Accessed 11-15-07

  14. Pulp Mills in Our region

  15. Research in progress – Benchtop • Pulping • Optimize catalyst and enzyme dosage • Analyze product streams • Develop microorganisms • Consolidate bioprocessing • Economic analysis

  16. Cellulose Sciences, Inc. Others

  17. Our sincerest thanks to: • WiSys • Maliyakal John • Lisa Murray • Bill Adolfsen • UWSP administration • Chancellor Linda Bunnell • Christine Thomas • Randy Champeau • Lance Grahn • Charles Clark • Hydrite Technologies • Chuck Krier • Marc Baures • Students • Brent Rivard • Aaron Stieve • Becky Slatterley • Collaborators • Tom Sharkey, MSU • Amy Wiberley, MSU

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