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The Colonial Reversal: Winning the War, 1777-1781 (Part 2)

This article covers the Battle of King's Mountain, Greene's Campaign, the Battle of Yorktown, and the significance of the surrender. It highlights Washington's leadership, the difficulties faced by the British, and the military lessons learned.

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The Colonial Reversal: Winning the War, 1777-1781 (Part 2)

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  1. Winning the War, 1777-1781 Part 2

  2. The Colonial Reversal

  3. The Colonial Reversal • Battle of King’s Mountain(Oct 1780) • Patriot militias defeats Loyalist militias • Lessens Loyalist support in the South • Mutinies force reforms in Congress • Paper money backed by banker William Morris • States provide funding instead of supplies

  4. Greene’s Campaign (1781) • Nathaniel Greene chased by Tarleton and Cornwallis into SC • Splits army in two (violation of mass) • Greene vs. Cornwallis • Daniel Morgan vs. Tarleton

  5. Greene’s Campaign (1781) • Morgan double envelops Tarleton’s forces at Battle of Cowpens • Tarleton escapes with only a few men left • Morgan & Greene meets Cornwallis at Guilford Courthouse in NC • Patriot loss, but ends Cornwallis’ Carolina campaign • British retreat to Yorktown, VA

  6. Battle of Yorktown • Cornwallis abandons Carolinas after Battle of Guilford Courthouse • Seizes towns of Yorktown and Gloucester • Ordered by Clinton to build fortifications for a deep sea port • Washington marches south from New York with a joint French force • Sent fake dispatches to hide destination

  7. Battle of Yorktown • American forces numbered 8800 troops • Supported by 7800 French troops under Rochambeau • British forces numbered close to 6000 with the inclusion of German soldiers • Expected reinforcements from Clinton in New York

  8. Forces surround Yorktown • French takes left while Americans take the right • Cornwallis abandons front redoubts to tighten lines • Washington begins to lay siege • Continued British bombardment costs moderate casualties

  9. Oct. 9th- Artillery bombardment opened on • Oct 14th- American forces storm British redoubts • British attempt a sortie two days later and spike the Allied cannons • Storm prevented a British escape to Gloucester • Expected reinforcements did not arrive

  10. Surrender at Yorktown- Oct. 19, 1781

  11. Significance • Surrender marks the final battle of the war • British troops removed while Treaty of Paris is prepared • Local fighting between Tories and Patriots continued

  12. Reasons, Lessons, and Meaning

  13. Reasons for Victory • Washington’s leadership • Difficulties for the British • More imaginative commanders • Dedication of Continental Army • Control over the countryside • Foreign aid

  14. Washington’s Leadership

  15. British Difficulties

  16. Imaginative Commanders

  17. Dedication of Continental Army

  18. Militia Support

  19. Control over Countryside

  20. Foreign Aid

  21. Military Lessons • Light troops mixed with linear tactics • Guerrilla warfare effective against larger army • Rifle not effective in open combat • Militia should be trained and organized under national system

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