KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

1. KEY CONCEPT Kingdom Protista is the most diverse of all the kingdoms.

2. Protists are eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi. Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.

3. Animal-like protists consume other organisms. • heterotrophs • single-celled

4. Plantlike protists are photosynthetic. • single-celled, colonial, or multicellular • no roots, stems, or leaves

5. Funguslike protists decompose dead organisms. • heterotrophs • can move, whereas fungi cannot

6. KEY CONCEPTAnimal-like protists are single-celled heterotrophs that can move.

8. macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia Animal-like protists move in various ways. • Animal-like protists are often called protozoa.

9. Protozoa with flagella are zooflagellates. • flagella help zooflagellates swim • more than 2000 zooflagellates

10. Some protists move with pseudopods. • change shape as they move • amoebas

11. Some protists move with pseudopods. • change shape as they move • amoebas • foraminifera

12. Some protozoa move with cilia. macronucleus contractile vacuole food vacuole oral groove micronucleus cilia • cilia help protists swim and capture food • more than 8000 ciliates

13. Protists cause some well-known infectious diseases. human liver sporozoites liver cells developed parasites red blood cells Some animal-like protists cause disease. • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium and spread by mosquitoes. • Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma and spread by flies. • A giardia infection is caused by Giardia and spread through water. Malaria Infection

14. KEY CONCEPTAlgae are plantlike protists.

15. colony daughter colony Plantlike protists can be single-celled or multicellular. • Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called algae.

16. pellicle contractile vacuole nucleus flagellum chloroplast eye spot • mostly photosynthetic • some heterotrophic • single-celled • one or two flagella • Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists.

17. have two flagella • may be bioluminescent • have stiff protective plates • can cause red tide • Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists. Dinoflagellates

18. Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells. • shells made of silica • produce large amounts of oxygen

19. Green algae contain chlorophyll a and b. • Brown algae contain chlorophyll c. • Multicellular algae are classified by their pigments. • Red algae contain chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin.

20. Many plantlike protists can reproduce both sexually and asexually. • All algae can reproduce asexually. • Multicellular algae can fragment. • Chlamydomonas divides into zoospores.

21. Some species alternate generations. • Sexual reproduction can be triggered by environmental stress. • Some algae produce sexually.

22. KEY CONCEPTFunguslike protists decompose organic matter.

23. Slime molds and water molds are funguslike protists. • Slime molds have both funguslike and animallike traits. • decomposers, like fungi • can move, like animals

24. Slime molds can be plasmodial or cellular. • Plasmodial slime molds are giant cells with many nuclei. • Cellular slime molds contain independent cells.

25. Water molds are freshwater, funguslike protists. • one type of water mold caused Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800’s • made of branching strands of cells • can be parasites of plants or fish