Chapter 2: France Takes an Interest in North America

1. Chapter 2: France Takes an Interest in North America What kind of society did the French colonists create in their North American colonies?

2. France Takes an Interest in North America • Colony: A territory controlled by another country. • Empire: A network of colonies controlled by a single country. • Imperialism: A country extending its control over other countries, often using economic or military means. • Silk Road: The route travelled by Europeans crossing through Asia and Eastern Europe used for trading.

3. Imperialism • When Europeans first came to North America they created new settlements called colonies. • The first colonists in Canada came from France.

4. Imperialism • Empires are networks of colonies controlled by a single country (aka the home country). Colony Colony Colony Colony Colony Colony Colony Colony Empire

5. Imperialism • Colonies had no independence. • The home country was responsible for decisions regarding economics and politics. This system of control of is called Imperialism. The colony shipped resources to the home country (fish, furs, lumber, metal ores, etc.) Colony Home Country The home country shipped settlers and soldiers tot the colony. It controlled the economy and government.

6. Imperialism • For centuries, much of the world was ruled by imperial powers. • It was within this framework that Canada became a country. In this chapter we’re going to investigate why France was interested in building a colony in North America.

7. KWL Chart Why Did European Explorers First Come to North America? Please complete the “Know” and “Wonder” columns of the chart on page 5 of your Chapter 2 booklet.

8. European Imperialism • People began arriving in the land we now call Canada over 1000 years ago. • The first people to arrive here were....

9. European Imperialism • People began arriving in the land we now call Canada over 1000 years ago. • The first people to arrive here were.... The Norse from Scandinavia. http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10121

10. European Imperialism • In the 140o’s, sailors from Spain, Portugal and possibly England crossed the Atlantic to catch fish of the shores of today`s Newfoundland and Labrador. • These fishermen were followed by many other Europeans who came across as explorers and colonists.

11. Looking for a New Silk Road • For centuries, the countries of Europe and Asia traded with one another. • France, England, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands looked to India, China, Japan and Indonesia for what kinds of goods?

12. Looking for a New Silk Road • For centuries, the countries of Europe and Asia traded with one another. • France, England, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands looked to India, China, Japan and Indonesia for what kinds of goods? • Spices • Tea • Silk • Porcelain • Gems

13. Looking for a New Silk Road • To bring these goods home, the Europeans travelled a route known as the Silk Road. • This route became dangerous because ambush parties would often attack the traders either charging a tax or stealing their goods. • By the 1400’s the Europeans were eager to find a new route to Asia, preferably by water.

14. Looking for a New Silk Road • In 1492, Queen Isabella of Spain sent Christopher Columbus west across the Atlantic is search of a new silk road. • His voyages led to the European awareness of the American continents.

15. Expanding Across the Ocean • Why did the imperial countries of Europe want to expand their empires?

16. Expanding Across the Ocean • Why did the imperial countries of Europe want to expand their empires? • Economics • Competition • Religion • Curiosity

17. Expanding Across the Ocean 1. Economics • Europeans set up colonies so they could claim the resources for themselves. Ex: Fur

18. Expanding Across the Ocean 2. Competition • Countries of Europe were at competition with each other. • The more colonies (and land) that a country controlled, the more power and prestige it had.

19. Expanding Across the Ocean 3. Religion • The Catholics (France) and the Protestants (England) wanted to spread their version of Christianity to other parts of the world.

20. Expanding Across the Ocean 4. Curiosity • Europeans were curious about the rest of the world. • New technologies made travelling farther than they ever had before possible.

21. Chapter 2 Task Journal of a European Explorer • You are a European explorer in the 1500’s. Write a journal entry in which you explain why you feel it is a good idea to sail to North America and establish a colony there. • You must include ideas/reasons for all four reasons why Europeans came to North America. • Economics • Competition • Religion • Curiosity

22. Chapter 2 Task Journal of a European Explorer Assignment Checklist • Dear Journal Salutation • Date in the 1500’s • Idea for Economics • Idea for Competition • Idea for Religion • Idea for Curiosity • Correct grammar and spelling. • Full Sentences • DecoratedJournal Cover

23. Dear Journal, March 5, 1543 I have been asked to join a crew sailing to North America. Our ship will be carrying missionaries who are going to spread the Catholic religion to the native people. They will be returning with a ship full of goods. I`ve heard that fur is easy to get there. I plan to stay in the new colony and make my own fortune collecting furs. I`ve been told we are leaving the day after tomorrow. The French government wants to get as many ships to the New World as soon as possible. Perhaps they are afraid the British will take all the furs or claim all the land. I wonder what it will be like there... will it look anything like France? I am very excited to see what adventures lie ahead for me. Sincerely, Louis Villeneuve Chapter 2 Task JOURNAL OF A EUROPEAN EXPLORER Example

24. France Takes an Interest in North America • Jacques Cartier: Explored the Gulf of St.Lawrence making first contact with the Mi’kmaq.

25. Brainstorm Looking at Canada today, how do we know France has played an important role in developing Canada?

26. Brainstorm Looking at Canada today, how do we know France has played an important role in developing Canada? The Royal French Flag

27. Brainstorm Looking at Canada today, how do we know France has played an important role in developing Canada? The Quebec Flag

28. Brainstorm Looking at Canada today, how do we know France has played an important role in developing Canada? The Canadian Coat of Arms

29. Brainstorm Looking at Canada today, how do we know France has played an important role in developing Canada? The Acadian Flag

30. Cartier Crosses the Atlantic • In 1534, the king of France sent Jacques Cartier across the Atlantic in search of a passage through North America to Asia. • After 20 days a sea, he reached the coast of Newfoundland.

31. Cartier Crosses the Atlantic • One day, Cartier and his men were exploring the shores of the St. Lawrence when they came across a group of Mi’kmaq. • Cartier wrote about what happened between them in his journal. • This is the first written account of trade between the first nations and Europeans.

32. Cartier Crosses the Atlantic A large number of people… set up a great clamour and made frequent signs to us to come on shore, holding up to us some skins on sticks… We likewise made signs to them that we wished them no harm, and sent two men ashore to offer them some knives and other iron goods and a red hat to give to their chief… They bartered all they had, to such an extent that all went back naked… and they made signs to us that they would return on the morrow with more skins. Based on this account, what suggests the first nations would have traded before? Who would they have traded with?

33. The Challenges of Settlement • In July 1534, Cartier landed at a place he called Gaspé. • There, he met a group of Haudenosaunee led by a man named Donnacona. • After this meeting, Cartier took two of Donnacona’s sons on board is ship. He sailed them back to France to prove to the king what he found. http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10123

34. The Challenges of Settlement • In 1535, Cartier returned with three ships, 110 men and Donnacona’s two sons. • They guided them up the St.Lawrence River as far as Stadacona where Donnacona and his people lived. • Cartier and his crew decided to to stay the winter. They built a small log fort near Stadacona. How do you think the French made out during their first North American winter?

35. The Challenges of Settlement • They did not have enough fresh fruit and vegetables. • Many of the crew became sick and died of scurvy, a disease brought on by a lack of vitamin C.

36. The Challenges of Settlement • The Haudenosaunee had a cure for scurvy . They taught the French how to make the cure from boiling pieces of white cedar into tea. • Without their help, Cartier and the rest of his men may not have survived the winter.

37. Land of Riches • The Haudenosaunee told Cartier about a land northeast of their village where there were fruit trees, metals and gems. • In 1536, Cartier forcibly took Donnacona and nine other villagers back to Europe. Why do you think Cartier took them back to Europe?

38. Land of Riches • The Haudenosaunee told Cartier about a land northeast of their village where there were fruit trees, metals and gems. • In 1536, Cartier forcibly took Donnacona and nine other villagers back to Europe. • So they could tell the king about the riches in North America. • He hoped this information would convince the king to pay for another cross-Atlantic trip. Why do you think Cartier took them back to Europe?

39. Cartier Visits Again • Cartier returned to north America in 1542 to set up a colony along the St. Lawrence River. • By this time, all but one of the Haudenosaunee Cartier had taken to Europe died. Cartier told the Hauenosaunee that everyone else was well and living in Europe. Why do you think Cartier lied about the Haudenosaunee being alive? Do you think they believed him?

40. Cartier Visits Again • Cartier returned to north America in 1542 to set up a colony along the St. Lawrence River. • By this time, all but one of the Haudenosaunee Cartier had taken to Europe died. Cartier told the Hauenosaunee that that everyone else was well and living in Europe. • Written accounts say they did not believe him and as a result were hostile toward the French. Why do you think Cartier lied about the Haudenosaunee being alive? Do you think they believed him?

41. Cartier Visits Again • After another terrible winter, the French colonists decided to return to Europe. • Cartier took samples of what he believed were gold and diamonds with him. But it turned out they were worthless pyrite (fools gold) and quartz. • Although he was not successful in establishing a permanent colony in North America, Cartier did succeed in gathering a great deal of important information about the land.

42. Questions France Takes an Interest in North America (pg 36-38) • Based on Cartier’s journal entry on page 36, what suggests that the Mi’kmaq had traded before? (3pts) With whom do you think they might have traded? (1 pt) • How did the Haudenosaunee help Cartier and his men? (1 pt) • Why did Cartier take the natives back to Europe in 1536? (2 pts) • How did Cartier fail as an explorer? How did he succeed? (2 pts)

43. Brainstorm Discuss with the person beside you: How would you feel if strangers came to your school, raised a flag and claimed the school for themselves? How would the newcomers describe their actions? How would you respond to such an event?

44. Cartier and Donnacona • The Haudenosaunee had lived in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence lowlands for as long as anyone can remember. • They controlled travel along the river and governed the surrounding lands. • However, when Cartier arrived at Gaspé, he and his men raised a wooden cross with Vive le Roi de France! (Long Live the King of France) across the rop.

45. www.uppercanadahistory.ca

46. Role play With a partner, role play the encounter between Cartier and Donnacona as Cartier raised the cross at Gaspé. Include why you think Cartier felt justified in raising the cross and why Donnacona felt justified in objecting.

47. Preparing your role play • Make notes: Include a) facts about the situation/event, b) your character’s perspective, c) how your character feels and d) how your character acts (voice, gestures, etc). • Dialogue: Decide if you are going to read from a script or make up the dialogue as you go along. • Respect: Remember to be respectful of cultures.

49. France Expands Its Empire • Monopoly: When only one company or group is allowed to sell or trade a product in a certain area.

50. France Expands Its Empire • Jacques Cartier’s settlement failed but the French did not completely forget about North America; • Fishing fleets still returned to North America. • Fur traders still came to trade with First Nations trappers. • France began to build North American colonies at Acadia and Québec.