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Teens’ Use of Indoor Tanning

Teens’ Use of Indoor Tanning. Joni A. Mayer, PhD, Professor Graduate School of Public Health San Diego State University Presented at the meeting of the National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention, November 7, 2008, Washington, D.C. Why study indoor tanning among teens?.

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Teens’ Use of Indoor Tanning

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  1. Teens’ Use of Indoor Tanning Joni A. Mayer, PhD, Professor Graduate School of Public Health San Diego State University Presented at the meeting of the National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention, November 7, 2008, Washington, D.C.

  2. Why study indoor tanning among teens? • Using indoor tanning early in life increases melanoma risk by 75% • U.S. older teen girls are using indoor tanning at high rates—up to 40%

  3. World Health Organization • Ban those under 18 years old from commercial indoor tanning…. Sinclair, C. Artificial tanning sunbeds: risks and guidance. WHO, 2003.

  4. Correlates of Indoor Tanning in Youth

  5. Individual and Sociocultural Level Environmental Level Policy Level State Legislation Local Enforcement Procedures Parent Characteristics Adolescent Characteristics Availability of Facilities Facility Compliance ADOLESCENT USE OFINDOOR TANNING Quantification Of Stringency Quantification Of Stringency Facility Count + Locations/GIS Phone Interviews (N=6,125) Confederate Phone Calls (N=3,399)

  6. Results from generalized linear mixed effects models Mayer, J. A., Slymen, D. J., Woodruff, S. I., Hoerster, K. D., Pichon, L. C., Sallis, J. F., Weeks, J. R., & Belch, G. E. (2008, October).  Correlates of indoor tanning among teens: Key findings from CITY100. Peer-reviewed paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Diego, CA.

  7. Individual-level predictors

  8. Individual-level predictors

  9. Indoor tanning among CITY100 teens

  10. Individual-level predictors

  11. Individual-level predictors

  12. Individual-level predictors

  13. Individual-level predictors-continued

  14. Individual-level predictors-continued

  15. Environmental-level predictors City salon density was significant in bivariate, but not multivariate, test…

  16. How many facilities? • average = 41.8 (SD=30.8) • range = 3 (Hialeah,FL) to 183 (New York) • density (per 100,000 people): 1 to 34 • average density= 11.8 (SD=6.0) Hoerster, K. D., et al. (2009). Density of indoor tanning facilities in 116 large U.S. cities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(3), 243-246.

  17. Average # Businesses per City (n=116) Hoerster, K. D., et al. (2009). Density of indoor tanning facilities in 116 large U.S. cities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(3), 243-246.

  18. Living near a tanning salon and use… • 76% lived within 2 miles of a tanning salon • For teens having no tanning salons within 2 miles of their home, 7% used indoor tanning in the past 12 months. • For teens having at least 1 tanning salon, this rate was 11%.

  19. Policy-level predictors • Whether state had a youth access law --ns • Whether salon required parental consent --ns • Frequency tanning salon would allow teen to tan--ns

  20. Did indoor tanning facilities require signed parental consent? • 87% did… • Requiring consent was significantly related to presence of youth law • 78% vs. 93% • OR (no law vs law) = 0.35 (.25, .49) Pichon, LC, et al. (in press). Youth access to artificial ultraviolet radiation exposure: Practices of 3,647 indoor tanning facilities.Archives of Derm.

  21. Did indoor tanning facilities allow frequent tanning? “I have fair skin…I’m 15 & have never used a tanning bed…How many times can I tan the 1st week?” • 71% of the salons saidevery day (mean = 6) • Frequency allowed to tan not related to presence of a law Pichon, LC, et al. (in press). Youth access to artificial ultraviolet radiation exposure: Practices of 3,647 indoor tanning facilities.Archives of Derm.

  22. 28 states (red) had an indoor tanning law Alaska Washington Maine Vermont Montana North Dakota Minnesota Oregon New Hampshire Idaho Wisconsin Massachusetts South Dakota New York Michigan Rhode Island Wyoming Connecticut Iowa Pennsylvania New Jersey Nebraska Nevada Ohio Delaware Indiana Illinois Utah Maryland West Colorado Virginia California Virginia Kansas Missouri Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee Oklahoma Arizona South Arkansas New Mexico Carolina Mississippi Georgia Alabama Hawaii Texas Louisiana Florida

  23. 21 of those laws (red) included youth access restrictions Alaska Washington Maine Vermont Montana North Dakota Minnesota Oregon New Hampshire Idaho Wisconsin Massachusetts South Dakota New York Michigan Rhode Island Wyoming Connecticut Iowa Pennsylvania New Jersey Nebraska Nevada Ohio Delaware Indiana Illinois Utah Maryland West Colorado Virginia California Virginia Kansas Missouri Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee Oklahoma Arizona South Arkansas New Mexico Carolina Mississippi Georgia Alabama Hawaii Texas Louisiana Florida

  24. Case Study: Wisconsin Alaska Washington Maine Vermont Montana North Dakota Minnesota Oregon New Hampshire Idaho Wisconsin Massachusetts South Dakota New York Michigan Rhode Island Wyoming Connecticut Iowa Pennsylvania New Jersey Nebraska Nevada Ohio Delaware Indiana Illinois Utah Maryland West Colorado Virginia California Virginia Kansas Missouri Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee Oklahoma Arizona South Arkansas New Mexico Carolina Mississippi Georgia Alabama Hawaii Texas Louisiana Florida

  25. Banningthe Tanning of 15 Year Olds—Confederate Phone Calls Pichon, LC, et al. (in press). Youth access to artificial ultraviolet radiation exposure: Practices of 3,647 indoor tanning facilities.Archives of Derm.

  26. Conclusions • Parental consent laws are effective, but… • parents are consenting

  27. Conclusions, continued • Need local zoning ordinances • “All you can tan” packages-need to restrict these & session frequency • Need teen bans (like France & Australia)

  28. Pending Bill in Ohio (HB 230) Sec. 4713.50. Under no circumstances shall an operator or employee of a tanning facility allow an individual who is under eighteen years of age to use the tanning services of the facility unless the individual presents a prescription for receiving ultraviolet radiation treatments written by a physician authorized under Chapter 4731. of the Revised Code to practice medicine and surgery or osteopathic medicine and surgery.

  29. Indoor Tanning Association • Lobbying against pending Ohio law banning those under 18… • Businesses, parents, etc should choose a sample letter and send to local and state gov’t officials… “ “Please put some common sense back into government. Whether or not a teen suntans is a decision for parents, not government.” www.theita.com

  30. Levels of Influence

  31. What will CITY100 do? • Strategically share our data and conclusions with key audiences • Health organizations, legislators, reporters

  32. What might (should) you do? • (Continue to) advocate for Ohio’s ban of minors • Ohio as a model – “As goes Ohio, so goes…”

  33. And thank you! For more information, contact jmayer@mail.sdsu.edu Ohio bill information: www.ohderm.org Go to section on tanning

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