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African Kingdoms and Bantu Migration: Exploring Diverse Early African Societies

Discover the characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE, including the Bantu migration and Sudanic kingdoms. Learn about Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and the vibrant trade networks that shaped ancient Africa.

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African Kingdoms and Bantu Migration: Exploring Diverse Early African Societies

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  1. SSWH6:The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 ce.

  2. EARLY AFRICAN KINGDOMS

  3. BANTU MIGRATION: • Africa: home of the earliest ancestors of modern people • West African farmers & herders migrated south, all speaking many different languages all derived from one language, Bantu • Bantu speakers spread their language and skills all throughout Africa • African languages today have Bantu roots

  4. SUDANIC KINGDOMS (WEST AFRICA): GHANA MALI SONGHAI

  5. GHANA: DEVELOPMENT: DECLINE: Muslims from North Africa launched an attack which made Ghana weak Eventually swallowed up by powerful kingdom of Mali • Created by many farming villages • Prosperous b/c it taxed gold-salt trade. • King controlled gold price, demanded high taxes, and commanded large army. • Islam • spread through trade routes to Ghana • Ghana maintained their traditional beliefs, but adopted some Islamic beliefs also.

  6. MALI: DEVELOPMENT: DECLINE: Disputes over succession weakened empire People left the empire and it began to decrease in size • Founder: Sundiata • Sundiata (1st King) crushed enemies, gained control of gold trade • Mansa Musa: • King of Mali who expanded empire. • Converted to Islam • Adopted Sharia law but promoted religious freedom and tolerance • Pilgrimage • Completed a hajj to Mecca in 1324. • Made “friends” with other Muslim nations which made Mali more powerful.

  7. Songhai: DEVELOPMENT: DECLINE: Frequent changes in leadership Civil war Fell because they did not have gunpowder. • Replaced Mali as lead state in W. Africa. • Largest of W. African states. • Rulers and subjects were Muslim. • Mosques and schools studying Islam.

  8. TRADE IN AFRICA: • Camels enable traders to trek across Sahara. • Gold and Salt • West Africans control this trade and become very prosperous. • Trans-Saharan Trade Network • Camel caravans traveled across the Saharan desert into West Africa. • Islam became the dominate religion in sub-Saharan Africa.

  9. TRADE IN AFRICA: • Trade occurred in Indian Ocean • East African international trade system led to a new culture & language: Swahili • Language: Arabic words absorbed into Bantu-based language • Primarily traded slaves with Middle East & India

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