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World War II 1939-1945

World War II 1939-1945. Objectives… Define Fascism Describe how the fascist governments rose to power in Italy & Germany. Fascism A system of government characterized by a dictator , nationalism and militarism . Fasces

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World War II 1939-1945

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  1. World War II1939-1945

  2. Objectives… • Define Fascism • Describe how the fascist governments rose to power in Italy & Germany.

  3. FascismA system of government characterized by a dictator, nationalism and militarism. Fasces A Latin word referring to a bundle of sticks bound to the handle of an axe.

  4. Characteristics of Fascism … • Fascist leaders look back in history to their past greatness… • Censorship- No government criticism of • Schools teach fascism • The individual exists to serve the state • Conflict…“War is the most noble goal of man”- Hitler

  5. The characteristics of Fascism… • Look back in history to their past greatness • No criticism of the government Censorship • Schools teach fascism • The individual exists to serve the state • Conflict…“War is the most noble goal of man”- Hitler

  6. 4) Benito Mussolini Mussolini’s rise to power… • Uses violence & murder • Appeals to people fearing Communism…“rabidly nationalistic” • Becomes “Il Duce”… • Promises Italian greatness • Suspends elections • Builds a modern military

  7. Italy - Benito Mussolini- “Il Duce” Mussolini Quotes… “All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.” “Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is a fallacy.”“Fascism is a religion. The twentieth century will be known in history as the century of Fascism. ”

  8. Hitler’s background… • Austrian born • High school drop out • Frustrated by failure as a young adult. • WWI corporal • Organizes the National Socialists Workers Party (1919)… • 1923 jailed for attempted overthrow of the German government

  9. Mein Kampfor “My Struggle” Describes… • The “Master”/“Aryan Race” theory… • The Final Solution… • 6b) Lebensraum… Denounces… • Democracy & communism • Religion (Christianity & Judaism) • The Treaty of Versailles

  10. Hitler’s rise to power… • German government is weak… • Economic problems… • The Nazi Party is formed • Fear of Communists… • Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany… • The Reichstag burns… • Hitler declares himself “Fuhrer”… The Reichstag FireJan. 30, 1933

  11. The Third Reich The term “Third Reich” is used to describe Hitler’s Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945. “How fortunate for leaders that men do not think.” - A. Hitler

  12. Hitler strengthens his power… • “Scape-goating”… • Censorship • Assassination of his enemies • Political meetings • Propaganda • Book burning

  13. The Nuremberg Rally(s)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilXVkgmJk2E

  14. German PropagandaPosters What messages are being conveyed?

  15. Germany - Adolf Hitler - Der FuhrerThe most destructive leader in modern history. Hitler Quotes… “War is the most noble goal of man”“All propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the comprehension of the least intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach.”“Any alliance whose purpose is not the intention to wage war is senseless and useless.” “Anyone who sees and paints a sky green and fields blue ought to be sterilized.”

  16. 7) Describe the policies & events exposing Hitler’s Germany as a racially & religiously intolerant regime. • 1933: Concentration camps • 1935: The Nuremberg Laws… • 1938: Kristallnacht– “The Night of Broken Glass”…

  17. The Nuremberg LawsNazi Racial Legislation • Laws designed to… - Purify Germany - Define citizenship - Define the position of Jews in the Third Reich.

  18. 1938: Kristallnacht - "Night of Broken Glass" • Triggering event…Jewish teenager murders a German official in Paris • 1,000 Synagogues burned, businesses, cemeteries, hospitals, schools & homes looted & destroyed… 30,000 arrested

  19. Objective… Identify and explain the events that force America to move away from isolationism & into WW II.

  20. 1) Roosevelt’s primary concern during the 1930s?… 2) What were the worldwide economic & political ramifications of the Great Depression?…

  21. Think…What have you previously learned that supports US commitment to this policy? What type of foreign policy did the US adopt after WW I? • Rejection of The Treaty of Versailles • The Kellogg-Briand Pact • Washington Naval Conference

  22. Why did Americans favor isolationism prior to the start of WW II?... 8) How did each of the following influence the isolationist thinking prior to the outbreak of the war? • All Quiet on the Western Front • Nye Committee • College students • Norman Thomas • America First

  23. Examples of Isolationism prior to WW II… • Rejected the Treaty of Versailles… • The Washington Conference (1921-22)… • Kellog-Briand Pact (1928)…

  24. The message? • Can you identify the year this cartoon was published?

  25. Pre- World War II Aggression

  26. 1931-32Japan invades Manchuria & Shanghai American Response: Diplomatic protest No Action 1935Italy invades Ethiopia American Response: The Neutrality Acts are passed

  27. The Neutrality Acts • Designed to keep the US out of war… • 1935: Banned war supplies • 1935: Forbid travel • 1936: Prohibited loans • 1937: Included the Spanish CW • 1939: “cash-and-carry”… • Replaced by “lend-lease” …

  28. 1936Germany rearms & sends troops into the Rhineland American Response: No action

  29. 1936 The Rome-Berlin Axis… Supporting “parallel interests”

  30. 1937Japan begins full scale invasion of China* WW II officially starts in Asia American Response: Diplomatic protest

  31. The Anschluss… 1938 Germany & Austria unite – 6M Austrians are under German control

  32. 1938:The Anschluss Poster issued after the Anschluss… The caption: "One People, One Reich, One Führer."

  33. - Hitler charges that Czechs are “abusing Germans 1938: Hitler invades the Sudetenland.

  34. 1938:The Munich Pact or Appeasement Policy… Hitler meets with French & British Prime Ministers… Agrees not to take more territory British Prime MinisterNeville Chamberlainannounces “Peace in our time”

  35. The Appeasement Policy Symbolism?... Meaning?... Message?

  36. 1938American Response FDR requests peaceful settlement U.S. funds a two ocean navy Signing the Two Ocean Navy Expansion Act

  37. 1939 -Germany invades Czechoslovakia & the Non Aggression Pact is signed… Agreement between Germany & Russia that they will not attack each other & will divide Poland between them.

  38. 1940 The Tripartite Pact Rome – Berlin –Tokyo Axis Japanese & Italian emissaries with Hitler.

  39. 1939: Germany Invades Poland Luftwaffe…. German air force …Very modern & powerful

  40. 1940 Germany invades Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium & France • WW II officially starts in Europe… - 11a) Blitzkrieg… - The Battle for Britain…

  41. “LIGHTNING WAR” The name implies the rapid deployment of air power, mechanized cavalry and troops. – VERY FAST, VERY POWERFUL 1939 Blitzkrieg…

  42. 3) The aggressive actions taken by Japan in the 1930s that threaten stability in Asia… 5) The diplomatic policies & aggressive actions taken by Germany that threaten stability in Europe…

  43. 1939 American Response: The Neutrality Acts are amended to “cash & carry”

  44. 1940 American Response: 11a) Selective Service Act… Destroyers for Bases Deal… 11c)Lend-Lease Plan…

  45. 1941 The invasion of the USSR (or Operation Barbarosa)…

  46. 1942 Map of the Axis Powers

  47. FDR: The Four Freedoms Speech… Freedom From Fear Freedom of Worship Freedom of Speech Freedom From Want

  48. 1941World Event: The Atlantic Charter… 13) The “common principles” that President Roosevelt &Prime Minister Churchill agreed to in the Atlantic Charter… • Free trade among all nations • No territorial seizures after the war • Self determination • Disarmament • The four freedoms… Freedom from fear & want, freedom of speech & worship • Most of the above are related to what previous topic?

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