Define the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. Define the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. Period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the mid 1700’s

3. Write your definition (in your own words) of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION on your IR worksheet

4. Name _______________________ Date ______________ Pd. ______ Industrial Revolution – Ch. 12 (sec. 1 and 2) Answer questions 1-11 1. What was the first industry to begin to use machines to manufacture goods? I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O N 2. In what ways might life for workers change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? 3. In what part of the US were most mills located? 4. Whose contributions do you think were more important – Samuel Slater’s textile machines or Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts? Why? 5. How did the War of 1812 aid the growth of American manufacturing? 6. How did interchangeable parts help the modern assembly line work?

5. 8. Describe below the average day for a mill worker (referencing Ch. 12 sec. 2). Keep in mind the same questions you asked a parent/guardian. 7. Ask a parent/guardian what his/her average work day is like. Work hours? Breaks? Any time socializing (“time at the water cooler”)? Describe his/her day below. 9. Why did workers form trade unions? 10. Was there any evidence of progress in working conditions? Explain. 11. What are some possible problems that might arise between factory owners and trade unions?

6. Name _______________________ Date ______________ Pd. ______ Industrial Revolution – Ch. 12 (sec. 1 and 2) Answer questions 1-11 What was the first industry to begin to use machines to manufacture goods? Textile industry – clothes making I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O N Period of rapid growth using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the mid – 1700’s Era of machines Making a lot of goods Making the goods much faster Workers’ lives changed dramatically – work was less skilled, boring, poor conditions (hours, pay, health) Consumers’ lives changed – cheaper goods, goods and machines are uniform (use of standard parts – easy to replace) Business practices changed – hired children (cheap, unskilled labor), had more labor options, made more products, sold more products, machines could work all night long (people can’t), 2. In what ways might life for workers change as a result of the Industrial Revolution? Loss of jobs – do not need as many people to do the work a machine can handle Shift in jobs available – no longer a skilled job, (craftsman) but did need to learn how to use the machines Workers became easily replaced by machine and by another, trainable worker 3. In what part of the US were most mills located? Northeast US 4. Whose contributions do you think were more important – Samuel Slater’s textile machines or Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts? Why? Slater – textile machine led to quicker production of cotton threads; textile mills exploded all over the NE; increased the production of textiles/clothes – fewer imports needed Whitney – Interchangeable parts; a machine could be fixed with just one new part (no need for a whole new machine); the parts of individual goods (ex. gun) could be easily replaced/fixed by anyone (no longer needed to go to a specialist for repair); allowed for mass production of goods (consistency in goods) 5. How did the War of 1812 aid the growth of American manufacturing? U.S. couldn’t trade as much with Europe (war with GB, war within Europe, Embargo Act, etc.) U.S. had to make the goods needed for war ourselves More U.S. factories began to open up because of increased domestic demand and to be less dependent on foreign goods 6. How did interchangeable parts help the modern assembly line work? I.P. allow for easy assembly and standard finished goods (not hand craftsmanship – workers were able to simply oversee the process and easily fix any error quickly

7. 8. Describe below the average day for a mill worker (referencing Ch. 12 sec. 2). Keep in mind the same questions you asked a parent/guardian. Entire family working Long hours 12-14 hr days Low wages $2-4/week Monotonous work (boring/simple) Health hazards (cotton dust, mine explosions) 7. Ask a parent/guardian what his/her average work day is like. Work hours? Breaks? Any time socializing (“time at the water cooler”)? Describe his/her day below. 9. Why did workers form trade unions? To improve pay and working conditions (both skilled and unskilled) 10. Was there any evidence of progress in working conditions? Explain. Martin Van Buren – granted a 10 hr. work day for federal employees and wanted private companies to embrace this too (states like CT, MA, NH, PA, OH passed a 10 hr. work day for state employees)Fight began to end child labor 11. What are some possible problems that might arise between factory owners and trade unions? Strikes – work stoppage with demands Fewer products being produced (companies sell less, people still want the goods, prices of those goods go up for consumers, consumers can’t pay the higher prices, consumers stop buying – the company loses money all the way around)