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Energetics of Aerobic Activity: Measuring and Understanding Metabolic Costs and Efficiency

This chapter explores the metabolic costs and efficiency of motion in aerobic activity. It discusses the relationship between energy expenditure, speed, and distance covered, as well as the concept of VO2 max and its relevance to sustained exercise. The chapter also touches on the influence of body size and locomotion type on energy costs, and the impact of training and selection on VO2 max.

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Energetics of Aerobic Activity: Measuring and Understanding Metabolic Costs and Efficiency

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  1. Chp 8 Energetics of Aerobic activity

  2. Motion has a metabolic cost that can be measured in many ways: • as energy spent per unit of time, per distance covered Efficiency of motion can be measured in metabolic cost / g as a function of distance, speed • The faster the fish swims, the higher the cost (or O2 consumed per g per h) • At some point, (Max O2 consumption) the fish can no longer increased its speed. • The fish cannot sustain the effort longer than 4 min when max is reached

  3. Small bodied animals require more energy to move compared to larger animals Energy costs of defined exercises

  4. The faster the pace, the more energy is spent (the more you push on the gas pedal, the faster you go but the higher gas consumption) However, in term of energy cost per unit of distance = cost of transport is optimum at a certain speed (there is an optimum speed at which we get the most mileage for the speed)

  5. There is a strong relationship between various groups of animals sharing the same type of locomotion. When plotting the minimum weight specific cost of transportation against body sizes, 3 types of curve appear: for swimming, running and flying The type of locomotion dictates the energy expenditure rather than the phylogenetic identity Cost of transportation

  6. VO2 max = Maximal rate of oxygen consumption = aerobic capacity = maximal aerobic power Is an indication of which kind of strenuous exercise an individual can sustain This concept is used for human exercise  physical activity at 35% VO2 max can be sustained for a long time, while an activity at 75% VO2 max will exhaust the person quickly VO2 max decreases with age, with altitude Maximal rate of oxygen consumption

  7. Aerobic scope of activity: difference between VO2 max and resting rate of O2 consumption • Aerobic expansibility = VO2 max /resting O2 consumption • VO2 max varies with species

  8. Very high VO2max for Pronghorn Allow for sustained, maximal effort  allow them to escape cheetah (fastest but anaerobic ATP synthesis) VO2 max is possible because cells have a lot of mitochondria  amount limited

  9. VO2 max varies with species the higher the VO2 max, the more sustained exercise the species can do VO2 max varies among individuals within a species  which sports do you think are better fit for higher VO2max? VO2 max responds to training and selection VO2 max

  10. The average daily metabolic rate is about 2.5 to 3.5 higher than the basal metabolic rate. In well conditioned athletes, the ratio can be up to 5 If extreme strenuous exercises, it can reach 10. A ratio of 7, is the maximum for sustain high metabolic rates Energy of routine and extreme daily life

  11. Animals need to spend energy in order to find found movement digestion Finding food provides energy for living: BMR locomotion growth reproduction Living in colonies can same cost: cost for warming up, for movement, food. Ecological energetics

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