The Job Selection Process

1. The Job Selection Process Introduction to Occupations

2. Keep your eyes and ears open • Talk to people you know about exploring careers • List all the careers you notice in a week • Look around as you travel, play, eat, shop, or hang out • Think about movies, TV and magazines. • If people are doing what you’d like, find out more.

3. What is a job? • What you do to make money • Career? • A series of jobs that have a shared focus or interest-profession • Alternate Career Path • One that follows another route • You many need post-secondary training • Education beyond high-school level

4. Job Clusters • Jobs that are related • Job Descriptions can be found in the • Dictionary of Occupational Titles • Occupational Outlook Handbook • Onet-Federal Gov. Occupational Information Network • Choices software

5. Agribusiness and Natural Resources breeder groomer poultry farmer Business and Office receptionist bookkeeper computer servicer Communications and Media cable TV technician book editor computer artist Construction air-conditioning, heating mechanic roofer Job Clusters

6. Family and consumer services child-care or pet-care worker jeweler floral designer Environment environmental technician sanitary engineer Fine arts and humanities actor cartoonist dancer/musician Health dental hygienist, nurse’s aide home health aide doctor/dentist More Clusters

7. Hospitality and recreation cruise director fitness instructor baker Manufacturing machine operator toolmaker engineer Marine science ocean technician diver marine engineer Marketing and distribution insurance agent real estate agent retail buyer More Clusters

8. Personal service barber/hairstylist cosmetologist massage therapist Public services teacher firefighter paralegal aide Transportation airline reservations agent railroad conductor automotive mechanic More Clusters

9. Money Security Learning experiences Feelings of self-worth Sense of Achievement Recognition Social Relationships Sense of Purpose Values- What is important, desirable and worthwhile in your life Why do people work?

10. Skills abilities that have been developed Something you can do well Something that can be improved with practice Skills required for success Job-related skills Ability to communicate Cooperative attitude Good attendance Punctuality Appropriate hygiene and grooming Listening Speaking Writing Interests and Skills

11. Attitude Your state of mind and feelings about things Smile and be positive Overcome Bad Habits Be Cheerful and Enthusiastic Act and Speak Pleasantly Be Willing to Listen Overcome Self-Pity Get Along with People Be a Problem-Solver

12. Working with Data-People-Things • People • Humans and human resources • Data • Statistics, facts, words, or numbers • Things • Equipment, machines, or tools

13. Required from employees regardless of career Human Relations Skills Getting along with others Empathy Teamwork Communication Skills Learning Skills Skills and knowledge acquired through formal education Informal Education-skills gained from jobs or activities outside of school Thinking Skills Problem solving Decision making Critical thinking Analysis Creative thinking Personal Skills

14. Exploratory (Informational) Interviews • Use others to build a list of people who work in careers that you find interesting. • Call the appropriate person and arrange an exploratory interview • a short informal talk with someone who works in a career that appeals to you

15. Job Shadowing • following a worker for a few days on the job • learning the ropes by watching and listening

16. Part-Time Work • allows you to learn about a career from the inside • gain experience • make personal contacts • make money Work Experience Programs • give you a chance to learn job skills while you are still in high school • earns you class credit and a grade

17. Education • All jobs have basic educational/training requirements • High school • Vocational/technical program • Post-secondary • 2 year college-Associate’s degree • 4 year college-Bachelor’s degree • Military Service • the largest employer in the United States.

18. Training • Apprenticeship • A course of training by working with a skilled craftsman • On the job training + classroom theory • Trade Schools • Special schools offering training for just one job • Culinary • Nursing • Cosmetology

19. Licenses • Certificate given by state that tells everyone you have successfully completed a state approved training program • Must pass state exam to become certified • Cosmetology • Architecture • Teaching

20. Training Information • Apprenticeships • Adolescent Vocational Exploration • Progressive Adolescent Vocational Exploration • Youth Work Skills • Another Chance Initiative for Education, Vocation or Employment • Jobs for Youth Apprenticeship Program • Junior Green Teams • Boards of Cooperative Education Services • Chamber of Commerce O-J-T Programs

23. Physical Requirements • Some jobs require a heavy dependence on one specific body sense

24. Agility and Flexibility Endurance & Stamina Eye-hand coordination Balance Strength Free of Phobias Physical Requirements Physical Requirements for the Workplace

25. Employment Trends • The kind of work that is available • The number of jobs in any field and who they are open to • The way the work is done • Changing due to: • Technology • Attitudes • Anti-discrimination laws

26. Researching Workforce Trends

27. Technology has helped them to function in the workplace Handicap-accessible buildings Redesigned furniture Voice-activated computers Job Links for the Handicapped www50.pcedpd.gov/pdepd Minorities African-American Latino Asian Women Older workers Affirmative Action Disabled Workers

28. Discrimination • Title IX • Ensures that equal programs for male and female students exist in schools • Illegal for hiring and firing based on gender, age, marital status, race, religion or ethnic origin • Affirmative Action • Jobs have been renamed • Stewardess—Flight Attendant • Policeman—Law Enforcement Officer

29. The Global Economy • Requires more workers to be bilingual • Workers are competing for jobs worldwide, not just locally

30. Assessing Your Job Preferences • What career you want • Is travel time worth it? • What type of working conditions do you want? • Indoors/outdoors • Alone/with people • Small/large company • Physical/desk job

31. Traditional vs. Nontraditional Jobs • Traditional Jobs for Men and Women • Woman---Secretary, Nurse, Teacher, etc. • Domestic services • Occupational Segregation/Gender Barriers • Man---Construction, Maintenance, President, etc. • Nontraditional Jobs for Men and Women • Women--- • Men--- • Career Mobility?

32. Getting the Job

33. Networking-communicating with people you know or can get to know to share information and advice. Make a contact list-a list of people you know. Ask for any information that will lead to a job. Build your contact list by getting a referral from everyone you talk to. Use School Resources school counselor teachers placement office school-to-work programs-bring schools and local businesses together. Non-Print Job Leads

34. On-Line Job Leads • Company web sites • Human resource departments • Newsgroups • Bulletin boards • Resume posting services • Online classified ads

35. Print Job Leads • Job Advertisements • Classified ads • Newspaper • Magazines • Blind Ads • Don’t give employers name • Weekly or monthly newspapers devoted to job advertising • Yellow Pages of phone book • Chamber of Commerce business directory • Professional Trade Magazines

36. Other Job Leads • Employment Agencies • matchmaker between job seekers and companies with job openings. • Job seekers fill out applications at the agency. • Using the Telephone • hot calls-calls to referrals or follow up a lead • cold calls-blind calls • College Career Resources Office • Local State Job Services Office • Public Library • Practical Experience • Volunteer • Co-op job-receive school credit • Internship • Part-time work

37. Applying for a Job • Getting a job comes down to how well you present yourself in your phone calls, job application, resume and cover letter. • Employers are looking for the best person to fill the job. • Communicate Effectively • The way you talk and write is one of the first and strongest impressions you’ll make. • Use Standard English.

38. Resume • a one-page summary of your personal information, education, skills, work experience, activities and interests. • You will send it to an employer when applying for a job by mail or via the Internet. • An employer may request a copy be attached to an application or brought to an interview. • A resume can get you an interview or kill you chance for a job. Make yourself look good.

39. A personal data sheet typewritten on 8 ½” x 11” paper Includes: Name Address Phone number Educational experience Relevant courses you’ve taken Skills Work experience Volunteer positions Significant honors Interests References with: Names Titles Addresses Phone numbers Resume

40. Resumes • Choose carefully what you’ll include, what you’ll emphasize and how you’ll describe your experience. • Do not include any negative information, if you have no work experience, don’t mention it. • Focus on your skills, education and training you do have.

41. Objective or Summary • the hook that grabs the readers attention • tells the reader what you want to do and/or what you are qualified to do • Education • list your highest degree first • type of degree, major, college name and date awarded • may go after experience

42. Experience • describe you present and previous positions in reverse chronological order • include dates of employment, company names and locations and specific job titles • show progression/promotions within an organization • may go ahead of education

43. Skills • include your personal characteristics, special knowledge, achievements and products • any identifiable ability or fact that employers value and will pay for Activities • hobbies • sports • extracurricular activities

44. use action verbs don’t use same word twice use a thesaurus no first-person pronouns (I, We) drop articles (the, a, an) don’t abbreviate lose the helping verbs (have, had, may, might) lose the being verbs (am, is, are, was, were) stronger don’t shift tense don’t overwrite (replace expeditious with swift) eliminate complex sentences Words

45. Salary needs reasons for leaving other jobs date available for employment references, print them on a separate page health leisure activities unexplained time gaps marital status age parents’ occupations ethnicity or national origin physical description or photograph Do not include

46. The Resume Look • use a word processing software • print on a laser or inkjet printer • use a quality paper • size 10-14 font • Times New Roman, Courier, Garamond, NC Schoolbook, Gothic, Helvetica or Arial • Typing or spelling errors are UNACCEPTABLE!

47. Electronic Resumes • Companies scan resumes into their computers and store them in databases. • These databases look for KEYWORDS that describe skills or job experiences they’re seeking.

48. References • You must have at least 3. • These are people who will recommend you to an employer. • Be prepared to list them on the application. • Employers trust teachers or former employers the most. • Make sure you ask permission. • They should not be related to you.

49. Cover Letters • Your opportunity to convince an employer that hiring you would benefit the company. • Do not send your resume by itself, always include a cover letter. • A one-page letter telling the employer who you are and why you’re sending the resume. • Sometimes called an application letter • Concise and to the point.

50. Cover Letters have three parts • The Opening-it explains why you are writing. • Say where or from whom you learned about the job. • You wish to be considered as an applicant for the position. • The Body-is your sales pitch. • It tells why you are right for the job. • Point out how your education/experience could help you perform the job. • The Closing-tells how you will follow up. • Include your phone number so the employer can contact you. • State your resume is enclosed. • State that you would like an interview at the employer’s convenience.