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Tour of the Cell 1

Tour of the Cell 1. Prokaryote bacteria cells. Types of cells. ________________. ________________________. Eukaryote animal cells. Eukaryote plant cells. Golgi. mitochondria. chloroplast. ER. Why organelles?. ________________________________________ specialized functions

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Tour of the Cell 1

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  1. Tour of the Cell 1

  2. Prokaryotebacteria cells Types of cells ________________ ________________________ Eukaryoteanimal cells Eukaryoteplant cells

  3. Golgi mitochondria chloroplast ER Why organelles? • ________________________________________ • specialized functions • cilia or flagella for locomotion • __________________________________________ • partition cell into compartments • create different local environments • separate pH, or concentration of materials • distinct & incompatible functions • lysosome & its digestive enzymes • _________________________________________ • unique combinations of lipids & proteins • embedded enzymes & reaction centers • chloroplasts & mitochondria

  4. Cells gotta work to live! • What jobs do cells have to do? • ______________________ • proteins control ____________cell function • ________________________ • for daily life • for growth • ________________________ • growth • repair • renewal

  5. Cells functions • ________________________ • read DNA instructions • build proteins • process proteins • folding • modifying • removing amino acids • adding other molecules • e.g, making glycoproteinsfor cell membrane • address & transport proteins

  6. The Protein Assembly Line Golgiapparatus ribosome ER Building Proteins • Organelles involved • nucleus • ribosomes • endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Golgi apparatus • vesicles nucleus vesicles

  7. DNA chromosome histone protein nuclear pores nuclear pore nucleolus nuclear envelope Nucleus • Function • protects _____________ • Structure • ________________________ • double membrane • membrane fused in spots to create _________ • allows large macromolecules to pass through What kind of molecules need to pass through?

  8. nuclear membrane DNA mRNA Nucleus small ribosomal subunit nuclear pore mRNA large ribosomal subunit cytoplasm 1 production of mRNA from DNA in nucleus 2 mRNA travels from nucleus to ribosome in cytoplasm through nuclear pore

  9. large subunit small subunit ribosome Nucleolus • Function • ____________________________ • build ribosome subunits from rRNA & proteins • exit through nuclear pores to cytoplasm & combine to form functional ________________ rRNA & proteins nucleolus

  10. large subunit small subunit 0.08mm Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosomes • Function • ______________________ • Structure • ______________________ • 2 subunits combine

  11. Types of Ribosomes • Freeribosomes • suspended in cytosol • synthesize proteins that function in cytosol • Bound ribosomes • attached to ______________ ________________________ • synthesize proteins for export or for membranes membrane proteins

  12. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Function • _______________________________________ • manufactures membranes • synthesis & hydrolysis of many compounds • Structure • membrane connected to nuclear envelope & extends throughout cell

  13. Types of ER rough smooth

  14. Smooth ER function • Membrane production • Many metabolic processes • synthesis • synthesize lipids • oils, phospholipids, steroids & sex hormones • hydrolysis • ____________________________into glucose • in liver • _____________________________& poisons • in liver • ex. alcohol & barbiturates

  15. Membrane Factory • Build new membrane • synthesize phospholipids • builds membranes • ER membrane expands • bud off & transfer to other parts of cell that need membranes

  16. Rough ER function • Produce proteins for export out of cell • protein ____________________cells • packaged into ________________for export Which cellshave lot of rough ER?

  17. cisternal space polypeptide signal sequence ribosome membrane of endoplasmic reticulum mRNA cytoplasm Synthesizing proteins ribosome

  18. secretory vesicles transport vesicles Golgi Apparatus • Function • finishes, sorts, tags & ships cell products • like “UPS shipping department” • ships products in ________________ • membrane sacs • “UPS trucks” Which cellshave lots of Golgi?

  19. Golgi Apparatus

  20. protein vesicle budding from rough ER migrating transport vesicle fusion of vesicle with Golgi apparatus ribosome Vesicle transport

  21. nucleus cell membrane nuclear pore protein secreted rough ER vesicle ribosome proteins smooth ER transport vesicle Golgi apparatus cytoplasm Putting it together… Making proteins

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