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Medical Terminology REVIEWS

Medical Terminology REVIEWS. Mrs. Marr. Basic Structural Levels. Cells - simplest structural level cells have structural differences that are closely related to the physiology of each cell type. What is a groups of similar cells joined together to carry out specific functions?.

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Medical Terminology REVIEWS

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  1. Medical TerminologyREVIEWS Mrs. Marr

  2. Basic Structural Levels Cells- simplest structural level cells have structural differences that are closely related to the physiology of each cell type

  3. What is a groups of similar cells joined together to carry out specific functions?

  4. What is a groups of similar cells joined together to carry out specific functions? Tissues

  5. Epithelial

  6. Epithelial- outer protective layer of body, lines various body cavities, ducts, vessels, and, covers the body surface.

  7. Nervous

  8. Nervous- transmits messages throughout the body

  9. “ilio”-refers to hip “costal” refers to ribs “epi” on or above “gastric” – refers to stomach “hypo” beneath or under “chondral”- refers to cartilage

  10. Superior(closer to the head) Inferior (closer to the feet) Medial(lying closer to the midline) Lateral(lying further away from the midline) Posterior(dorsal) closer to the posterior surface of the body Anterior (ventral) closer to the anterior surface of the body Proximal-closer to the origin of a structure Distal-further away from the origin of a structure

  11. Superficial-relating to, or located near the surface Deep - relating to, or located away from the surface Median- midline Intermediate -between two other structures External refers to a hollow structure -external being outside Internal refers to a hollow structure -internal being inside Cephalad- toward the head (higher in position) Caudad-toward the tail (feet- lower in position) 

  12. Body Positions- The standard reference body position is called the “anatomical” position. The body is erect with feet together, limbs at the side, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.

  13. Postures and Direction of Movement

  14. Postures and Direction of Movement • Supine- body horizontal, face up

  15. Postures and Direction of Movement

  16. Postures and Direction of Movement • Prone- body horizontal, face down

  17. Postures and Direction of Movement

  18. Postures and Direction of Movement • Right Lateral Recumbent • The Right lateral recumbent, or RLR, means that the patient is lying on their right side. • Left Lateral Recumbent • The left lateral recumbent, or LLR, means that the patient is lying on their left side.

  19. Postures and Direction of Movement

  20. Postures and Direction of Movement • Fowler's Position • A person in the Fowler's position is sitting straight up or leaning slightly back. Their legs may either be straight or bent. • Trendelenberg Position • A person in the Trendelenberg position is lying supine with their head slightly lower than their feet.

  21. Postures and Direction of Movement

  22. Postures and Direction of Movement • Abduction • Abduction is movement away from the midline, or to abduct. • Adduction • Adduction is movement toward the midline, or to add.

  23. Postures and Direction of Movement

  24. Postures and Direction of Movement • Flexion • Flexion is to bend at a joint, or to reduce the angle. • Extension • Extension is to straighten at a joint, or to increase the angle, for example, from 90 degrees to 180 degrees.

  25. Postures and Direction of Movement

  26. Postures and Direction of Movement • Supination • Supination is to rotate the forearm so that the palm faces forward. • Pronation • Pronation is to rotate the forearm so that the palm faces backward.

  27. What are anatomical PLANES

  28. PLANES In anatomy, a body plane is an imaginary flat surface that is used to define a particular area of anatomy. We usually use the umbilicus as a point of reference

  29. What PLANE separates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts

  30. FRONTAL (Coronal) separates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts

  31. What PLANE separates the body into Right and Left parts

  32. SAGITTAL(MEDIAN) separates body into Right and Left parts Para-sagittal: unequal left and right sections Mid-sagittal: Even down the mid line

  33. What PLANE separates the body into Top and Bottom parts

  34. HORIZONTAL (transverse or Cross-Section) separates the body into Superior(top/ Upper) • and Inferior(Bottom/ Lower) parts

  35. Regional Terms Regional Terms-refer to special areas of the body Cervical- refer to the neck Palmar- the anterior surface of the hand; the posterior surface of the hand is the dorsal surface

  36. Regional Terms Thoracic- the portion of the body between the neck and the abdomen that is commonly referred to as the chest or thorax Dorsum- the top of the foot Plantar- the sole of the foot

  37. Regional Terms • Axilla (armpit)- the depression on the inferior surface of the attachment of the upper limb and the body trunk • Arm- the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow • Forearm- the potion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

  38. Regional Terms • Groin(inguinal region)- the junction of the thigh with the abdominal wall • Thigh- the portion of the lower limb between the hip and knee • Leg- the portion of the lower limb between the knee and ankle

  39. Low Back • Lumbar- the portion of the back between the thorax and the pelvis • Sacral- the lower portion of the back, just superior to the buttocks

  40. Terms of Movement • Protraction moving forward along a surface  • Retraction backward along a surface

  41. Terms of Movement • Elevation raising a structure  • Depression lowering a structure 

  42. Terms of Movement • Circumduction

  43. Terms of Movement • Circumduction-combined movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction medial and lateral rotation (circumscribe a cone) 

  44. Terms of Movement • Opposition

  45. Terms of Movement • Opposition- bringing tips of fingers and thumb together as in picking something up

  46. Abdominopelvicarea is divided intofour quadrants : • Right Upper • Right Lower • Left Upper • Left Lower

  47. The abdominal cavity can also be divided into nine regions to make it easier to identify organs • Right hypochondriac • Epigastric • Left hypochondriac • Right lumbar • Umbilical • Left lumbar • Right iliac (inguinal) • Hypogastric • Left iliac (inguinal)

  48. What are Body Cavities ?

  49. What are Body Cavities ? Body cavities- lined with membranes and contains fluid that surrounds structures within the cavities.

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