The Reconstruction (1865-1877)

1. The Reconstruction (1865-1877) The U.S. government’s controversial effort to restore the Southern States to the Union.

2. The War’s Aftermath! • 2/3 Southern Shipping in ruins • Cities, farms, factories, homes destroyed • 4 million ex-slaves • Unemployment was rampant

3. The Freedman’s Bureau • By Congress-March 1865 - 1869 • Clothing, Medicine, Meals to ex-slaves • 250,000 plus blacks received first education at bureau schools • The question of land?

4. Three Reconstruction Plans 1. President Lincoln’s Plan 2. President Andrew Johnson’s Plan 3. The Republican Congress’s Plan • Which plan would the U.S. follow?

5. President Lincoln’s Plan • Called the Ten Percent Plan • Pardons to ex-Confederates • 10% Voters in CSA states had to pledge allegiance and abolish slavery • “Malice toward none” = leniency

6. Lincoln is Assassinated! • John Wilkes Booth, an actor, plotted to kidnap Lincoln and others • April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre he shoots Lincoln • Booth is later killed near Port Royal, VA • 4/10 co-conspirators were hanged

7. President Johnson’s Plan • Democrat from TN, ex-SEN, VP • New State Constitutions • Amnesty by letter • 13th Amendment • Lenient in the spirit of Lincoln’s Plan • States’ Rights – No Vote for ex-slaves

8. Radical or Congressional Reconstruction • 1866 Civil Rights Act outlawed black codes • Johnson vetoed it and Congress overrode it • 14th Amendment • Johnson and the Republican Congress were now at odds

9. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Divided South into 5 military districts • States had to draft new constitutions • All eligible voters could vote • Barred ex-Confederates from voting • Equal rights to all citizens • States must ratify 14th Amendment

10. Radical Military Districts

11. Exit Slip – Three Reconstruction Plans 1. President Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstructing the South was known as the ___ Percent Plan. a. One b. Ten c. Fifty 2. President Johnson’s plan required the Southern States to ratify the ____ Amendment, which abolished slavery. a. 13th b. 14th c. 20th 3. Who favored a harsh and punishing Reconstruction plan for the South? a. Lincoln b. Johnson c. Radical Republicans 4. How many military districts was the South divided into during Reconstruction? a. 3 b. 5 c. 11

12. President Johnson’s Impeachment (1868) • Tenure of Office Act (1867) • Johnson fired Sec. War Stanton • Impeached for “High Crimes and Misdemeanors” • Saved by 1 vote!

13. 15th Amendment (1870) • Last of Civil War Amendments • No state could deny the right to vote on basis of race or color • Troops protected blacks and they voted in mass • Blanch K. Bruce (MS) in 1874 became first black Senator

14. Spreading Terror! • The Ku Klux Klan was the best-known hate group • Formed in Pulaski, TN (1865) • Terrorized Blacks and White Republicans • Force Act of 1870 helped curb Klan practices for a time

15. The Elections of 1868 & 1872 • Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) defeated Seymour (NY) in 68 and Greely (NY) in 72 • Both terms marred by scandal!

16. The Stolen Election of 1876 Ends Reconstruction • Voters grew weary • Greed and Corruption • 1876 Election saw Tilden (D) win popular vote over Hayes (R) • SC, FA, LA Republican controlled • Compromise of 1877 gave Hayes victory and he removed troops from South

17. Successes Union Restored and South repaired South began to industrialize 13th,14th, 15th Amendments Education for Blacks and Poor Whites Failures Blacks remained poor; many were sharecroppers KKK and Jim Crow Laws Racism still prevailed South still lagged behind North economically The Effects of Reconstruction

18. Exit Slip – The End of Reconstruction 1. How many votes in the Senate saved President Johnson from removal? a. 1 b. 3 c. 12 2. Most historians consider President Grant a(n) ________ president. a. effective b. ineffective c. strong 3. Which amendment gave African-Americans the right to vote? a. 13th b. 14th c. 15th 4. The “stolen” election of President _______ in 1876 ended Reconstruction. a. Grant b. Tilden c. Hayes