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World War II Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe

Learn about the rise of fascism in Europe during World War II, with a focus on Mussolini in Italy and the Spanish Civil War. Explore the ideologies, conflicts, and consequences of totalitarian regimes in this turbulent period of history.

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World War II Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe

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  1. World War II Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe • Fascism: gov't ruled by dictator; nation & race above individual; forcible suppression of oppression

  2. Mussolini in Italy • 1919 – Fascism begins • Benito Mussolini dictator 1922-1943 • WWII initiator • 1935-36 Ethiopia invasion • Independent amid European-controlled Africa • Italy takes control • Fascism vs. Democracy - League of Nations ineffective • Cooperated with Hitler/Axis until 1943

  3. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) • Another WWII initiator • 1 side • Catholic Church, wealthy, Francisco Franco, Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini) • Other side • Very poor peasants • Republic (w/ USSR and Int'l Brigades – worldwide volunteers) • Authoritarian country formed under Franco

  4. Bombing of Guernica • 1937, over 3 hours, 25 German bombers • 1/3 of pop. killed • Meant to cut off Rep. troops & test Nazi blanket bombing Picasso painting

  5. The Soviet Union • Communist Totalitarianism • Joseph Stalin (dictator 1929-53) • COMMUNISM OVER CAPITALISM : USSR has necessary resources to be self-contained • Collectivization: collect land/businesses/homes, rebuild infrastructure • Industrialization 5-year plans: 250% increase in industrial development -- UNREALISTIC • Great Purge: rid country of non communists, Gulags

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