America Becomes a Colonial Power

1. America Becomes a Colonial Power Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. 1. Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

4. Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

5. 2. Military/Strategic Interests

6. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’sBurden The Hierarchyof Race

7. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionariesin China, 1905

8. 5. Closing the American Frontier

9. Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"

10. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

11. U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 via economic treaties.

12. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Nationalism: “Hawaii for the Hawaiians!”

13. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty: Gave US access to land for sugar plantations. Hawaii can sell sugar to US tax free. 1890 – McKinley Tariff: opened US sugar market to foreign sellers, created financial crisis in Hawaii

14. Hawaii and Sugar 1887: Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii: stripped voting rights from Asians and native Hawaiians. Hawaii is run for business purposes that benefit the US. 1893 –American businessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Dole: proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894. Serves as Pres. Until 1900. Lobbied to annex Hawaii. Hawaii is both strategic (Pearl Harbor) and economically important to the US.

15. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898 Territory until 1959.

16. Japan

17. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853 The Japanese View of Commodore Perry

18. Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854 Ended 200 years of isolation; gave US right to trade with Japan

19. Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908 In US, growing anti-Asian feeling. Japanese promise to limit work passports to the U.S. Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding passportsissued by other countries. The U.S. government got theschool board of San Francisco to rescind their order tosegregate Asians in separateschools. 1908 Root-Takahira Agreement.

20. 1908: Root-Takahira Agreement • Ties up political and social loose-ends, but opens the door for future conflict • Recognizes • US annexation of Hawaii and Philippines • Japan's sphere of influence in northeastern China • Showed Japan's emergence as world power after it defeated Russia in 1904 • Showed weakened American influence over the region

21. Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912 Senator Henry CabotLodge, Sr. (R-MA) Non-European powers,like Japan, would beexcluded from owningterritory in the WesternHemisphere.

22. Alaska

23. “Seward’s Folly”: 1867 Alaska purchased for $7.2 million

24. “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

25. Cuba

26. The Imperialist Tailor

27. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

28. “Reconcentration” Policy

29. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

30. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

31. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

32. The “Rough Riders”

33. Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

34. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War” How prepared was the US for war?

35. The Philippines

36. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

37. Dewey Captures Manila!

38. Is He To Be a Despot?

39. Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the FilipinoUprising. July 4, 1946:Philippine independence

40. William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines Great administrator.

41. Our “Sphere of Influence”

42. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

43. American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders. Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

44. Cuban Independence? • Teller Amendment (1898): US cannot annex Cuba, but can give it “to the people” • Platt Amendment (1903) • Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. • The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. • Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. • Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. Senator Orville Platt

45. DILEMMA--Did U. S. citizenship follow the flag??

46. Puerto Rico

47. Puerto Rico: 1898 • 1900 - Foraker Act. • PR became an “unincorporated territory.” • Citizens of PR, not of the US. • Import duties on PR goods • 1901-1903 the Insular Cases. • Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions. • Congress had the power to decide these rights. • Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were legal!

48. Puerto Rico: 1898 • 1917 – Jones Act. • Gave full territorial status to PR. • Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming into the US. • PRs elected theirown legislators &governor to enforcelocal laws. • PRs could NOT votein US presidentialelections. • A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House.

49. Panama

50. Panama: The King’s Crown 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. 1901 Hay-Paunceforte Treaty. 1903 Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty All 3 deal with gaining access (by “liberating” Panama and giving the US and Great Britain access to the Canal.