America Becomes a World Power

1. America Becomes a World Power AP US History Spring 2011

2. Essential Question: What factors contributed to the US becoming a world power at the end of the 19th century?

3. Entire history of U.S. could be viewed from an expansionist perspective: Seven Years War Treaty of Paris, 1783/Federal Constitution LA Purchase and Jacksonian Democracy Manifest Destiny Spread of Slavery and the Civil War Conquest of Native Americans Post-Civil War Industrial Revolution (ok, this one is pretty thin!) Introduction

4. Current World Status? Still Imperialist??

5. Basic Belief: Stay out of corrupt European affairs: (alliances, wars, etc (Washington) American Isolationism Geographic Isolation Political Isolation Preoccupation at Home The American View of the World

6. Interest in Foreign Affairs/Outside World Lack of Preoccupation at Home Outlet for Energy and Ambition Need for Markets and Raw Materials Large Number of Immigrants “White Man’s Burden” Modern Weapons Popularity

7. The 5 “Ds” of …Expansionism? • Destiny • Defense • Dollars • Democracy • Deity

8. 1. Commercial/Business Interests (Dollars) U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

9. 1. Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

10. 2. Military/Strategic Interests D E F E N S E Alfred T. Mahan’sThe Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

11. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’sBurden The Hierarchyof Race

12. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests DEITY American Missionariesin China, 1905

13. Spanish American War

14. Prior to 1898: No overseas possessions After 1898: Control of several Pacific and Caribbean nations World Power! War Was a Turning Point in US History

15. Background: Cuba

16. With Puerto Rico, Cuba was the only remaining Spanish colony in the Western Hemisphere Economic/Social Problems in Cuba (revolt in 1868) 1895 2nd Cuban Revolution (they had so many problems, they revolted twice!) McKinley Tariff Act Spanish Policy Background

17. American Reaction to the Revolution • Investments • Sympathy • US companies begin to sell arms to Cubans • All results in public demand for intervention

18. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

19. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as “weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty”.

20. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederic Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

21. The USS Maine Battleship sent to Havana to protect American citizens in Cuba as a show of American power to, The Maine is destroyed by a “mysterious” explosion below the deck Newspapers report that the Spanish were responsible War With Spain

22. The U.S.S. Maine

23. “Yellow” Journalism

24. Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

25. Cease-Fire Armistice to Rebels Abolition of Concentration Camps Implied Independence US Ultimatum to Spain

26. Spain can’t comply without granting independence, although they agree to armistice April 11, 1898: McKinley to Congress Teller Amendment Spain’s Response

27. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War” The best way to “secure the independence of Cuba” is to… Attack the Philippines!

28. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

29. The “Rough Riders” Theodore Roosevelt Charges Up San Juan Hill

30. Emilio Aguinaldo Dewey Smuggled Him into MANILA Leader of the FilipinoUprising. July 4, 1946??Philippine independence

31. William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines Great administrator

32. Our “Sphere of Influence”

33. The Treaty of Paris: 1899 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule, but… Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam The U.S. paid Spain$20,000,000 for thePhilippines. The U.S. becomesan imperial power!

34. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903) • Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would “endanger” its independence. • The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs to maintain a “suitable” from of govt. • U.S. acquires rights to naval base Guantanamo Bay as coaling station. • Cuba cannot borrow $$ without U.S. approval. Senator Orville Platt

35. A fierce debate over the Treaty of 1899 Imperialists: Racism: White Man’s Burden Competition with Others: they’ll take them if we don’t Need bases to protect shipping and trade Have the power to do it Results of the Spanish American War

36. Anti-Imperialists Racism: No more “colored people” Unconstitutional: “No where Expressly granted” Contrary to U.S. Ideals Anti-colonial Self Determination Results of the War

37. Senate vote on the Treaty of Paris,1899 For (57)Against (27) Republican 38 Republican 2 Democrat 11 Democrat 22 Populist 8 Populist 3 Imperialist or Isolationist?? Treaty Ratified

38. The U.S. as a World Power

39. U.S. Intervention

40. 1906 Dominican Republic Extension of Monroe Doctrine The Roosevelt Corollary

41. “That’s a live Wire, Gentlemen” Roosevelt Corollary

42. “Tell Your Troubles to the policeman” Another View

43. “at last, a revolution which will help the whole world" Roosevelt “Takes” Panama