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America Becomes a World Power

America Becomes a World Power. Key Vocabulary. Imperialism: Economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weaker nation Protectorate: Imperial power allows local rulers to stay in control and protects them against rebellions. Why become imperialistic?.

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America Becomes a World Power

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  1. America Becomes a World Power

  2. Key Vocabulary • Imperialism: Economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weaker nation • Protectorate: Imperial power allows local rulers to stay in control and protects them against rebellions

  3. Why become imperialistic? • Superiority/Power (Militarily, Culturally, Politically) • New Markets • Raw Materials • Trade without tariffs • Social Darwinism (European competition) • Manifest Destiny (and beyond!) • Anglo-Saxonism: English-speaking nations superior in many ways

  4. The Role of Military • Captain Alfred Mahan’s Influence of Sea Power upon History • Argues great nations had large naval fleets of merchant ships and naval power to defend right to trade • Congress buys into the idea and decides to create a modern navy

  5. Pacific Expansionism • Matthew Perry opens up Japan • Japan hesitant for cultural reasons • American power on display • Trade and peace agreement • Annexation of Hawaii • Ports for merchants and military • Sugarcane farming (US help during recession) • Queen Liliuokalani tries to gain more power, marines and American planters overthrow gov’t • New gov’t asks to join US

  6. Latin America and US • Pan-Americanism • US and Latin America should work together for peace and trade

  7. Spanish-American War • Spain controls Cuba and Puerto Rico • Cuban rebellions against Spain fairly common • US-Cuba Economic Relationship Key • Jose Marti: Cuban rebel exiled to US…preps for war • US neutrality—rebels hoping for US intervention • USS Maine exploded in Havana Bay (US in war)

  8. Role of Yellow Journalism • Yellow Journalism: Sensational Reports to attract readers…often exaggerated • “Blood, Blood, Blood” in Cuba • Prisoners of war being fed to sharks & dogs! • William Randolph Hearst (NY Journal) • Joseph Pulitzer (NY World)

  9. War on Two Fronts • Blockade of Cuba & Attack Philippines • Philippines • Manila Bay: Dewey defeats Spaniards with ease • Emilio Aguinaldo: Rebel against Spain in Philippines launches new attack • Cuba • Armies not prepared at all (deaths by disease) • Naval battles key • Rough Riders on mainland crucial

  10. Results • Cuba: Free • Guam & Puerto Rico: US possession • Philippines: ??? • For US takeover: Economic & military reasons; Savior of “Less Civilized” People • Against takeover: Filipino labor would hurt American workforce; cost of empire high • Ultimately US buys Philippines in treaty w/ Spain

  11. Post-War • Cuba • Platt Amendment makes it a protectorate of the United States • Puerto Rico • Foraker Act: Creates PR government but allows US to have final authority • Philippines • Aguinaldo unhappy with US (attacks US) • Taft tries to win using social improvements • Aguinaldo captured and calls on end of war

  12. China • European “Spheres of Influence” • Russia, Britain, France, etc. with leases on Chinese land • US concerned this would keep other countries out of markets • Open Door Policy: all countries can trade within China regardless of leases

  13. Boxer Rebellion • Society of Harmonious Fists (Boxers) attempt to destroy those corrupting Chinese society • Europeans, Chinese Christians, etc. • Major nations intervene after embassies are besieged • Agree to not break up China • Open Door Policy remains in place

  14. Roosevelt Policies • Make US a World Power • Negotiated peace between Russia/Japan (1905) • Upheld Open Door Policy in China • Display military power • “Speak softly, but carry a big stick” • Great White Fleet: 16 battleships on global voyage to demonstrate military might • Roosevelt Corollary: US will intervene in Latin America to maintain stability in Western Hem.

  15. Latin America • Dollar Diplomacy of Taft • Support economies of Latin America and they will rise out of poverty • Wilson & Mexico • Victoriano Huerta overthrows Mexican govt • Wilson refuses to recognize government not based on law—helps those against Huerta • US helps Carranza becomes Mexican president, but Pancho Villa begins guerrilla attacks • Wilson sends in military to find Villa without success

  16. Panama Canal • Roosevelt believed a canal through Central America key to American power • Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: gave US exclusive right to build canal in Central America • Considered Panama and Nicaragua • Problem: Columbia owns Panama and refused to give US the right to build • Panamanians revolt against Columbia, worried that their economy will crash without canal • Philippe Bunau-Varilla of France plans revolt w/ US Support

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