America Becomes a World Power

1. America Becomes a World Power Imperialism 1890-1917

2. Why did Americajoin the imperialistclub at the endof the 19c? Essential Question:

3. 1. Commercial/Business Interests In 1893, an economic panic slowed down industrial growth leading to a search for more resources and markets

4. U.S. Foreign Investments Increase The American economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade. A quarter of the nation's farm products and half its petroleum were sold overseas.

5. 2. Military/Strategic Interests To expand into the Pacific, coaling stations were necessary to refuel naval and trading vessels

6. "Whoever rules the waves rules the world,"

7. “Small states are of the past and have no future. . . . The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. … the United states must not fall out of the line of march.” Henry Cabot Lodge

8. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking White Man’s Burden Take up the White Man's burdenSend forth the best ye breedGo bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wildYour new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child. A younger generation believed that the United States had a duty to uplift backward societies

9. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests Mainstream Protestant religious denominations established religion missions in Africa and Asia, including 500 missions in China

10. 5. Closing the American Frontier Our “Manifest Destiny” shined from sea to shining Sea, and now shifted toward expansion.

11. In the late 1800's, which reason led the United States to give greater attention to the world beyond its borders? • fear of revolution in Latin America • fear of Russian expansion in Alaska • interest in finding places to settle surplus population • interest in obtaining markets for surplus goods

12. How did Americajoin the imperialistclub at the endof the 19c? Essential Question:

13. “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867 Or “Seward’s Folly?” $7.2 million

14. Hawaii:"Crossroads of the Pacific"

15. Hawaii is located near the center of major shipping routes in the Pacific Ocean

16. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii • 1893 –Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani. • Sanford Ballard Doleproclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

17. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

18. Is it in Our Interest? • U.S. investments threatened • Spanish authorities commit atrocities against Cuban civilians • Sympathetic to Cubans

19. The Fuze: Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!

20. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

21. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

22. Rough Riders Charge up San Juan Hill

23. The Battle of Santiago

24. Dewey Captures Manila!

25. Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the FilipinoUprising. July 4, 1946:Philippine independence

26. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

27. The American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders. Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

28. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903) • Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. • The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. • Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. Senator Orville Platt

29. During the late 19th century, some United States newspapers printed exaggerated accounts of Spanish cruelty in Cuba. These reports helped to bring about the Spanish-American War primarily by • arousing public opinion against Spain • provoking the anger of the business community • alienating the Spanish government • encouraging the formation of Spanish revolutionary groups

30. Panama

31. Panama Canal TR in Panama(Construction begins in 1904) The canal would cut travel time and expense for trade between the Atlantic and the Pacific

32. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power .

33. Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!

34. In the early 1900s, one reason the United States favored building a canal across Panama was that the canal would • reduce shipping costs on routes that linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans • help unify the nations of Latin America • improve United States relations with Latin America • end the need for a “big stick” policy

35. China

36. The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

37. TheOpen Door Policy

38. Which goal of United States foreign policy is pictured in the cartoon? • allowing China the right to follow a policy of isolation • establishing a United States colony in China • assisting in the growth of China's industrialization • increasing opportunities for the United States to trade with China

39. America as a Pacific Power

40. America's New Role

41. Constable of the World

42. The Great White Fleet: 1907

43. Route of the Great White Fleet – 1907-08

44. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” Improve financialopportunities for American businesses. Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsoverseas. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.

45. The early 20th century policy of dollar diplomacy indicated a United States desire to • institute the dollar as an international currency • give generous amounts of foreign aid to less developed countries • interact with foreign countries in ways profitable to United States corporations • give trade preferences to nations that follow a capitalist system