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English Political Revolution

Explore the Restoration settlement, Glorious Revolution, and Hanoverian regime in British political history. Learn about monarchs like Charles II, William and Mary, Queen Anne, and the impact on parliamentary sovereignty and party politics.

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English Political Revolution

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  1. English Political Revolution WEEK 6

  2. II. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution • The Restoration settlement • Political Settlement • Religioussettlement • Financial settlement B. The GloriousRevolution C. The Hanoverianregime

  3. James II (1685-1688) Restoration/18th Century Monarchs Charles II (1660-1685)

  4. Charles II (1660-1685) • Nicknamed “the Merry Monarch” because he restored the theatres (comedies favored), sporting events, dancing, merrymaking in the country. • He had the body of Oliver Cromwell disinterred, hanged, and beheaded in 1661. • He was received into the Roman Catholic church just before his death

  5. The Triennal Act (Parl to convene every 7 years) • King in need of money > arrangement with Louis XIV

  6. William and Mary (1689-1702) The GloriousRevolution = a non-violent Revolution 1689: The Bill of Rights 1689: Toleration Act but 1673 Test Act still in practice + reinforced against Catholics until 1828 1701: Act of Settlement = exclusion of Catholics from the throne

  7. Queen Anne (1702-1714) • King William III died childless and throne passed to Anne (James II’s daughter) • Devout Anglican • Had 16 children all died—no heir to throne

  8. George II (1727-1760) George III (1760-1820) William IV (1830-1837) George IV (1820-1830) George I (1714-1727) Restoration/18th Century Monarchs The son of Princess Sophia, who was the grand-daughter of England's King James I

  9. The heritage of the GloriousRevolution • Parliamentarysovereignty • A constitutionalmonarchy • Crown-in-Parliament (dual sovereignty) • New party politics whigs/tories • Emergence of the Prime Minister • Cabinet system of Government

  10. Opposition to absolutism parliament Power residing in people Gentry Careerpoliticians Non-Anglicans (dissenters) Expansion of suffrage, industrialists and urban dwellers Evolved into Liberal Party Robert Walpole first PM Supported the monarchy (the Stuarts) = Jacobites Established Church Associated with “old” landowning gentry against ‘new money’/Workers against industrialists  supported status quo & privileges & exclusions Evolved into Conservative Party Whigs Tories Both relatively conservative & upper-class bias, anti-Catholic at times

  11. Sir Robert Walpole • The leader of the dominant party in the House of Commons • Restored the national economy • Kept Britain out of war > had to resign in 1742

  12. Act of Union 1707 St George - England St Andrew -Scotland 1st Union Flag Add St Patrick’s cross = Union Flag • - 1543: England + Wales • - 1603 : Union of the Crowns (James VI of Scotand becomes James I of England) • - 1707: Parliamentary union of Scotland + England • 1782 : legislative independence of Ireland • - 1801: Act of Union: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. • 1922: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland • 1997: Devolution

  13. The Enlightenment • Human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny • ≠ Religion (the Catholic Church in France) + the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy. Voltaire Rousseau Locke Diderot

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