1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

1. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

2. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system • What are the characteristics of muscles? • What are the functions of the muscular system? • What are common disorders of the muscular system? • How are muscular disorders treated? • How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

3. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

4. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

5. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

6. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus. The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell. The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

7. Characteristics of Muscles Excitability- Responds to stimuli 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

8. Characteristics of Muscles Extensibility- • Stretching 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

9. Characteristics of Muscles Elasticity- Return to Original length when relaxed 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

10. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

11. Muscle Tone Muscle tone – always slightly contracted and ready to pull. • Atrophy: a- ________ -trophy ________ • Hypertrophy: hyper- _______ -trophy ________ 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

12. Muscle Injuries & Disorders Atrophy:The deterioration of muscle. CAUSE Occurs in muscles that are not used, as when a limb is in a cast. Muscle decreases in size & strength PG. 396

13. Muscle Tone John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle. • What happened? • How do you explain this to him? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

14. Muscle ToneExercise & Training What are the advantages of exercise? Are there any disadvantages of exercise? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

15. Muscle Fatigue Discuss muscle fatigue: • What causes muscle fatigue? • Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle. • How does the body correct muscle fatigue? • Getting oxygen back to the muscle cell. • Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to refill the muscle. • Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise. • Give examples of each. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

16. Types of exercisehttp://www.livestrong.com/article/255055-what-is-the-difference-between-aerobic-anaerobic-exercise/ • Aerobic • With oxygen or requiring oxygen • Anaerobic • Without oxygen 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

17. What are the functions of the muscular system? Functions of the Muscular System 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

18. 3 Functions of Muscles Movement All body movements are the result of muscle contraction and relaxation. Muscles move organs and tissues within your body. Bones must be moved by muscles or they could not function.

19. Movement:Skeletal Muscle • Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement. • The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

20. Movement Origin – Part of the skeletal muscle that is attached to a fixed structure or bone It moves least during a contraction. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

21. Insertion • The other end of a muscle, attached to a movable part • Moves the most during a muscle contraction. • Belly – central body of a muscle 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

22. Arranged in pairs • Prime mover • Produces movement in a single direction • Antagonist • Produces movement in the opposite direction 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

23. Synergists • Help to steady a movement or stabilize joint activity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

24. Movement:Smooth MuscleDigestive System The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

25. Movement:Cardiac MuscleCirculatory SystemHeartbeat The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

26. Posture • How does the muscular system effect posture? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

27. Maintenance of Posture • Bones support your body, but your skeleton cannot balance upright by itself. • To keep your body upright (against the pull of gravity), muscles must continually contract, pulling against your bones.

28. Body Heat Muscles produce heat, to keep us warm. We maintain our body temperature at 98.6 Muscle gets energy from ATP. ATP is released to produce heat when muscle is stimulated. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

29. 3. Production of Body Heat • The constant muscle contractions throughout your body produce a large amount of heat. • This heat helps maintain your body’s normal temperature. Avg. Body Temp. 98.6°

30. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

31. How does the body maintain its temp. in colder environments? • How does the body maintain its temp. in warmer environments? SHIVERING SWEATING PG. 398

32. Myopathy Disease or disorder of the Muscle 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

33. Fibromyalgia Collection of symptoms Chronic muscle pain lasting 3+ months Fatigue, headache, numbness Joint pain Treatment directed at pain relief Exercise regularly, massage therapy Chiropractic procedures, relaxation Techniques, strengthening exercise 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

34. Hernia An organ/tissue that pokes through an area of weak muscle. CAUSE: Straining to lift heavy objects. TREATMENT : Surgery *Intervertebral disc bulges out pressing on nerve. *Intestine pushes through abdm. Wall

35. Cramp:Intense & prolonged muscle contraction causing pain. CAUSE:overworked TREATMENT:massaging, stretching, K ↑. Strain:Muscle stretched or torn CAUSE: overworked, sudden force or pull. TREATMENT: R.I.C.E. PREVENTION: warm-up, stretch PG. 398

36. Tendonitis Inflammation of the tendon. CAUSE overuse, injury, aging SIGNS Joint pain & Swelling TREATMENT Rest PG. 398

37. Bruise An area of discolored skin that appears after an injury causes the blood vessels beneath the skin to rupture and leak. CAUSE: forceful blow to the area. TREATMENT: Ice to reduce swelling. PG. 398

38. Myasthenia Gravis Cause unknown but believed to be due to defect in the immune system Symptoms progressive muscle weakness and paralysis Prognosis could be fatal in extreme cases (respiratory paralysis) 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

39. Tetanus Cause infectious disease- continuous spasm of involuntary muscles Toxin –clostridium tetani Enter body through puncture wound Can be prevented by a tetanus anti toxoid vaccine 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

40. Muscle Spasm - Occurs when a single muscle involuntarily contracts. ☺THE END☺ Muscular Dystrophy - An hereditary disease that slowly destroys muscle tissue. - Gradually lose muscle control; may become unable to move. ►NO CURE w/ early detection, it can be delayed through exercise programs. PG. 398

41. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system • What are the characteristics of muscles? • What are the functions of the muscular system? • What are common disorders of the muscular system? • How are muscular disorders treated? • How does the muscular system relate to the body’s support and movement? 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system