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REMANTA RE search program on M icro A erial vehicle and N ew T echnologies A pplication

REMANTA RE search program on M icro A erial vehicle and N ew T echnologies A pplication. Brieuc DANET (Brieuc.Danet@onera.fr) 4th European Micro-UAV Meeting Toulouse, 15th September 2004. Objectives of the Research Program Topic 1 : Experimental Aerodynamics

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REMANTA RE search program on M icro A erial vehicle and N ew T echnologies A pplication

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  1. REMANTAREsearch program on Micro Aerial vehicleand New Technologies Application Brieuc DANET (Brieuc.Danet@onera.fr) 4th European Micro-UAV Meeting Toulouse, 15th September 2004

  2. Objectives of the Research Program • Topic 1 : Experimental Aerodynamics • Topic 2 : Flight Mechanics and Control • Topic 3 : Materials, Structures, Actuators • Continuation of the Project

  3. 1. Objectives Objective: Feasability and interest of a flapping-wing MAV Caracteristics of the vehicle: • Small size : wing span < 15 cm • Mass ~ 100 g • Ability of stationary flight • Large autonomy

  4. 1. Objectives • Biomimetism • Understand the phenomena that permit animals to fly • Find accurate technical solutions Copying nature is not the right way (multipurpose aspect of parts of the body)

  5. 1. Objectives Scientific and technological challenge: • Low Reynolds aerodynamics Numerous complex unsteady phenomena (dynamic stall, wake capture) • Control and command of wing kinematics in cruise, stationary  Unusual flight dynamics flights and manoeuvers • Huge influence of mass  Light materials Flexible structures Aeroelasticity High frequency sollicitations  Accurate actuators Large interactions between the domains

  6. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics 2 objectives: - qualitative: observe and describe to understand phenomena  Visualizations of aerodynamic flows - quantitative: correlate wing kinematics with sustentation and propulsion to feed models with empiric data  Measurements of aerodynamic forces and torques

  7. Experiments in the air: • - Uneasy visualizations • - Inertial forces >> Aerodynamic forces i.e. difficult analysis of measures • Experiments in water with conservation of : Reynolds number ( ) and reduced frequency ( ) 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics

  8. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics Facilities Lille: Water Tank - Section H1.5m x W1.5m x L25m - V (moving platform) = 0.1 to 1 m/s - Injection of dyed liquid.

  9. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics Facilities Toulouse: Water Tunnel - max Flow rate 20 l/s (slaved) - Section up to H500xP600 (V=13 cm/s) - Slaved and controlled dyed liquid injection (flow rate and position)

  10. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics • Testing conditions • Re ~ 104 - 105 • NACA 0012 Profile (not optimal but well documented) • Realization of a coupled mechanism • 2D : plunging and pitching 3D : flapping and pitching • Application: cruise flight • Measurements: - 5 components balance (no axial component) for measurement of forces and torques and evaluations of Cx, Cz,… • - Image acquisition. Laser Tomography

  11. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics 2D Mechanism

  12. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics 3D Mechanism

  13. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics Mechanism installed on the wall Coupled Mechanism

  14. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics 2 testing campaigns (2003 & 2004): More than 800 tests (3D and quasi-2D)

  15. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics Results

  16. 2. Topic #1: Experimental Aerodynamics Visualizations f = 0.5 Hz ; U = 0 m/s f = 0.5 Hz ; U = 0.25 m/s

  17. 3. Topic #2: Flight Mechanics and Control • Unusual Flight Mechanics • Model based on the flight analysis of insects and birds • Cruise and hovering flights • Linear model + unsteady effects (Dynamic delayed stall, etc) • Use of aerodynamic data issued from experiments (open literature and ONERA )

  18. 4. Topic #3: Materials, Structures, Actuators - Selection, elaboration and characterization of light materials (composites carbon/epoxy) - Modelization of structures under high frequency requests with aero coupling - Search of actuators adapted to kinematics  Concepts inspired by nature

  19. Terphane 29 m Composite T300/914 60 mm 60 mm Total Mass: 0,6 g 4. Topic #3: Materials, Structures, Actuators Light Materials frequency : 30 Hz distance between supports : 10 mm deformation : +/- 0,1 or 0,2 or 0,4 mm Flexion tests :

  20. 4. Topic #3: Materials, Structures, Actuators Structures Calage Wing Pitching articulation Assumptions: • ROTOR code (D. Petot) • 3D mechanism • Rotation simulates forward flight • Decoupled joints • Classical aerodynamic • Rigid Wing • Low Mass • fondamental beat frequency : 8 Hz Rotation axis Flapping articulation

  21. 4. Topic #3: Materials, Structures, Actuators Actuators • Dynamical model “at resonance” • non-linear model • behavior of actuators - active behavior - elastic and inertial behavior

  22. Continuation of the Project (work for 2005) • Numerical aerodynamics : • Different approaches are now in progress : NS, LES • - NS 2D • Adaptative grid • Re = 1000 • U = 1m/s • c = 2 cm Stc = 0.4 (f = 20 Hz) Stc = 0.8 (f = 40 Hz)

  23. Continuation of the Project (work for 2005) • Experimental aerodynamics: - A second mechanism to widen the range of kinematic parameters (hovering flight) - Visualization of the flows • Implementation of flight mechanics and aeroelasticity with unsteady models

  24. Contacts: • Management: • Agnès Luc-Bouhali (Agnes.Luc-Bouhali@onera.fr) • Flight Mechanics and Control: • Laurent Planckaert (Laurent.Planckaert@onera.fr) • Aerodynamics: • Jean-Bernard Paquet (Jean-Bernard.Paquet@onera.fr) • Materials, Structures, Actuators: • Daniel Osmont (Daniel.Osmont@onera.fr)

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