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Inside Earth: Chapter 3- Volcanoes

Guide For Reading. What landforms does lava create on Earth's surface?How does magma that hardens beneath the surface create landforms?. Landforms From Lava

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Inside Earth: Chapter 3- Volcanoes

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    1. Inside Earth: Chapter 3- Volcanoes Section 3: Volcanic Landforms

    2. Guide For Reading What landforms does lava create on Earth’s surface? How does magma that hardens beneath the surface create landforms?

    3. Landforms From Lava & Ash

    4. Shield Volcano A wide, gently-sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions Example: The Hawaiian Islands

    6. Cinder Cone A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled of around a volcano’s opening Example: Sunset crater in Arizona

    8. Composite Volcano A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials Example: Mount St. Helens in Washington and Mount Fuji in Japan

    10. Caldera The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the volcano’s magma chamber collapses

    11. Figure 11: Developing hypotheses Develop a hypothesis to explain the formation of Wizard Island, the small island in Crater Lake? Wizard Island might be magma that hardened in the volcano’s pipe

    12. Checkpoint (page 104) What are the three types of volcanic mountains? The three types of volcanic mountains are Shield volcanoes Cinder cone volcanoes Composite volcanoes

    13. Guide For Reading: What landforms does lava create on Earth’s surface? Explain how each landform is formed. Shield volcanoes Lava pours out of the volcano’s vent and hardens creating new layers of rock Cinder cone volcanoes Ash, cinders, and bombs pile up around the volcano vent in a cone-shaped pile Composite volcanoes Quiet eruptions (lava flow) alternate with explosive eruptions (ash, cinders, and bombs) creating a tall cone-shaped mountain Lava plateaus Lava fills the cracks in Earth creating higher elevated, flat land

    14. Soil From Lava & Ash

    15. Checkpoint (page 106) How does volcanic soil form? Over time the hardened lava, ash and cinders break down and form soil This soil can develop into the richest soil in the world The soil releases potassium, phosphorus and other nutrients needed to produce plants

    16. Landforms From Magma

    17. Volcanic Neck A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano’s pipe Looks like a giant tooth stuck in the ground

    18. Dike A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a vertical crack

    19. Sill A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a horizontal crack

    20. Figure 12: Compare and Contrast What is the difference between a dike and a sill? Both a dike and a sill form when magma hardens in a crack A dike forms when magma hardens into a vertical crack A sill forms when magma hardens into a horizontal crack

    21. Batholith A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust

    22. Guide For Reading: How does magma that hardens beneath the surface create landforms? Volcanic necks Magma hardens inside the volcano’s pipe and the softer layer around the pipe wears away Dikes Magma forces its way into vertical cracks in the crust and hardens Sill Magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock and hardens

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