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Book 1 Unit 3

Book 1 Unit 3. Cultural Shock. Text A The Rotary Youth Exchange Experience: Cultural Shock. Quit. Contents. 1. Background Information & Cultural Notes. 2. Lead-in. 3. Text Structures. Text A. 4. Sentence Study. 5. Words & Phrases. 6. Key to Exercises. Quit.

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Book 1 Unit 3

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  1. Book 1 Unit 3 Cultural Shock Text AThe Rotary Youth Exchange Experience: Cultural Shock Quit

  2. Contents 1 Background Information & Cultural Notes 2 Lead-in 3 Text Structures Text A 4 Sentence Study 5 Words & Phrases 6 Key to Exercises Quit

  3. Background Information & Cultural Notes Cultural Shock Reverse culture shock Rotary Youth Club Home

  4. Background Information & Cultural Notes Culture shock is the anxiety, feelings of frustration, alienation and anger that may occur when a person is emplaced in a new culture. One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign country. Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of four distinct phases: Honeymoon stage, horror stage, adjustment stage, and Home stage. There is no true way to entirely prevent culture shock, as individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts differently. To Be Continued Home Back

  5. Background Information & Cultural Notes Four Stages of Cultural Shock a. Honeymoon stage During this period, the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new food, the pace of life, and the locals’ habits. During the first few weeks, most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with nationals who speak their language, and who are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like most honeymoon periods, this stage eventually ends. To Be Continued Home Back

  6. Background Information & Cultural Notes b. Horror Stage After some time (usually around three months, depending on the individual), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. Excitement may eventually give way to unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as one continues to experience unfavorable events that may be perceived as strange and offensive to one's cultural attitude. Language barriers, stark differences in public hygiene, traffic safety, food accessibility and quality may heighten the sense of disconnection from the surroundings. To Be Continued Home Back

  7. Background Information & Cultural Notes c. Adjustment Stage Again, after some time (usually 6 to 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more “normal”. One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture and begins to accept the culture’s ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced. To Be Continued Home Back

  8. Background Information & Cultural Notes d. Home Stage In the home stage assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. This does not mean total conversion; people often keep many traits from their earlier culture, such as accents and languages. It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage. Home Back

  9. Background Information & Cultural Notes Reverse culture shock Reverse Culture Shock (a.k.a. “Re-entry Shock”, or “own culture shock”) may take place — returning to one's home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic （身心失调的）and psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the primary culture. The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock. Home Back

  10. Rotary Youth Club • Rotary Youth Club (RYC) is a Rotary international student exchange program for students. Since 1929, Rotary International has sent young people around the globe to experience new cultures. Currently, about 9,000 students are sponsored by Rotary clubs every year.

  11. Lead-in Can you list some symptoms of cultural shock? Question 1 Home

  12. Lead-in Question 1Can you list some symptoms of cultural shock? • Sadness, loneliness, melancholy ['melənkəli] n. 忧郁；悲哀；愁思 • Preoccupation with health • Aches, pains, and allergies • Insomnia, desire to sleep too much or too little • Changes in temperament, depression, feeling vulnerable, feeling powerless • Anger, irritability, resentment, unwillingness to interact with others • Identifying with the old culture or idealizing the old country Home

  13. Lead-in How to fight cultural shock? Question 2 Home

  14. Lead-in Question 2How to fight cultural shock? • Don’t forget the good things you already have! • Remember, there are always resources that you can use. • Be patient, the act of immigrating is a process of adaptation to new situations.  It is going to take time. • Learn to be constructive. If you encounter an unfavorable environment, don't put yourself in that position again. Be easy on yourself. • Don’t try too hard. • Learn to include a regular form of physical activity in your routine. This will help combat the sadness and loneliness in a constructive manner. Exercise, swim, take an aerobics class, etc. Home

  15. Text Structure Part I.The explanation of culture shock (Para.1-2) 1. A rather profound reaction to fairly significant other differences, in the way people view the world, in the way they think and what they value. 2. While culture shock can be very uncomfortable, there is nothing wrong with it, or with the person experiencing it. 3. Culture shock usually involves at least four stages. Home

  16. Text Structure Part II: The four stages of culture shock. (Para.3) • Excitement and Enthusiasm. (Excitement and enthusiasm of seeing and doing new and different things, meeting new people; or of continuing to have new experiences.) • Irritability. (This occurs when the initial excitement wears off and real differences become evident.) • Adaptation. (This is the longest, most difficult and most rewarding stage. This is when students learn to accept that they will have to adapt if they are going to be successful in their host culture.) • Biculturalism. (This stage comes very near the end of the stay, or sometimes doesn’t emerge until the students return to their native countries.) Home

  17. Text Structure Part III:Culture Shock Cycle (the emotional ups and downs when students experience the various stages of adjustment to culture shock.)(Para.4-8) • The first few months coincide with the initial excitement stage. This peaks when the excitement or the “honeymoon” is over. (Para. 4-5) • The lowest point typically comes at about four months. (Para. 6) • Gradual adjustment and adaptation when the students really learn the cultural tools necessary to function competently in the host culture. (Para.7) • This final stage comes around the time of returning home, another plunge into a period of feeling low. (reverse culture shock) (Para. 8) Home

  18. Text Structure Part IV:The journey of culture shock can be described as moving from Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism.(Para.9-11) • All cultures are ethnocentric. They teach their members that their way is the right, natural and preferred way of doing things. (Para. 9) • Four stages of developing competence at anything: Unconscious Incompetence (don’t know that we don’t know how to do it); Conscious Incompetence (be aware that we are doing something wrong, but just may not have the skills of doing it right). (Para. 10) • Biculturalism. When exchange students get to unconscious competence, they have gotten to the bicultural stage of adjustment to culture shock. (Para. 11) Home

  19. Sentence Study 1 We may think of it as the temporary disorientation that comes from being exposed to a different language, different customs, food, etc.(Para.1) expose sb/sth/yourself ( to …)： to put sb/sth/ in a place or situation where they are not protected from sth harmful or unpleasant 使面临，使遭受（危险或不快） Example: 1) Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight. 不要让婴儿受到强烈的阳光照射。 expose sb to sth : to let sb. find out about sth. by giving them experience of it or showing them what it is like 使接触；使体验 Example: 1) 我们想让孩子受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。 We want to expose our kids to as much art and culture as possible. To Be Continued Home

  20. Sentence Study 1 译文： 我们可以将文化冲击看做由于接触不同语言、文化、饮食等引起的暂时的迷茫。 Home

  21. Sentence Study 2 The final stage, shown as coming around the time of returning home, can involve another plunge into a period of feeling low. (Para.8) plunge into: to experience sth unpleasant 经历，陷入（不快的事） Example: 1）The country plunged deeper into recession. 那个国家进一步陷入经济萧条之中。 2) The boy took off his clothes and plunged into the swimming pool. 男孩脱下衣服,跳入游泳池 To Be Continued Home

  22. Sentence Study 2 译文： 文化冲击的最后阶段出现在即将回国时，可能会经历另一阶段的情绪低落。 Home

  23. Sentence Study 3 Only after experiencing reverse culture can students really appreciate the extent to which they have changed, and, as a result, the extent to which they have become truly bicultural. (Para.8) Only + 状语(从句) 放在句首，句子用倒装语序。 Example: 1) Only in Paris do you find bars like this. 2) Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage. To Be Continued Home

  24. Sentence Study 3 译文： 只有在体验了不同的文化之后，学生们才意识到他们已经发生变化的程度。因此，他们已经接受两种不同文化。 Home

  25. Expressions New Words • adapt • basis • immerse • prominent • confront • competent • breeze New Words & Expressions • wear off • coincide with • at the prospect of Home

  26. New Words 1) adapt sth (for sth) : to change sth. in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况） 1. 这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。 Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 2. 这些式样可以修改，以适应各人不同爱好。 These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 1. adapt Para. 1, Line 7 To Be Continued Back

  27. New Words 2) adapt (yourself) (to sth): to change your behavior in order to deal more successfully with a new situation. 适应（新情况） 1. 我们不得不迅速适应了新制度。 We have had to adapt quickly to the new system. 2. 他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings. 3) adapt sth (for sth) (from sth): to change a book or play so that it can be made into a play, film/movie, television program, etc. 改写，改编 1. 她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。 Three of her novels have been adaptedfor television. Back

  28. New Words 2. basis Para. 1, Line 4 1) on the basis: the reason why people take a particular action缘由，原因 1.她因具备适当资格、想法对路而被选担任该工作。 She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualification and ideas. 2. 有些录像带因暴力镜头过多而被查封。 Some videos have been banned on the basis that they are too violent. To Be Continued Back

  29. New Words 2) on a … basis: the way things are organized or arranged基准；准则；方式 1. on a regular/permanent/part-time/temporary basis 以定期/永久/兼职/临时性的方法 2. on a daily/day-to-day/weekly basis 按每天/每日/每周一次的标准 3) basis:the important facts, ideas of events that support sth and that it can develop from基础；要素；基点 1. 美满婚姻的基础是信赖。 The basis of a good marriage is trust. 2. 这篇文章将作为我们讨论的基础。 The article will form the basis for our discussion. 3. This theory seems to have no basis in fact. 这一理论似乎没有实际的根据。 Back

  30. New Words 3. immerse Para. 3, Line 2 • 1) immerse sb/sth into a liquid so that they or it are completely covered • 浸没于 • 1. 他把脚浸在水里。 • He immersed his feet in water. 2) immerse yourself/sb in sth: become or make sb. completely involved in sth. 1.她埋头工作。 She immersed herself in her work. 2.克莱尔和菲尔在角落里深谈。 Clare and Phi were immersed in conversation in the corner 3. 他兄弟负债累累。 His brother was immersed in debts. Back

  31. New Words Para. 3, Line 6 4. prominent prominent adj. 1) easily seen显眼的；显著的；突出的 1. 教堂的尖塔曾经是此地景观的重要特点。 The church tower was a prominent feature in the landscape 2. 这则报道刊登在头版的显著位置。 The story was given a prominent position on the front page. To Be Continued Back

  32. New Words 2) adj. sticking out from sth突起的，凸起的 1. 萨利有一个凸出的高鼻子。 Sally has a prominent nose. 2. 她骨瘦如柴的身材又细又瘦,骨骼突出的。 She is having a lean, gaunt frame with prominent bones. 3. 突出的颧骨/牙齿 prominent cheekbones/teeth • 3) adj: • important or well known重要的；杰出的；著名的 • 爱因斯坦是一位卓越的科学家。 Einstein was a prominent scientist. • 2) 他在这次运动中发挥了重要作用。 • He played a prominent part in the campaign. Back

  33. New Words Para. 3, Line 11 5. wear of wear off: to gradually disappear or stop逐渐消失（停止）；损耗 1. 这麻醉药品的作用将很快消失。 The effect of the drug will soon wear off. 2. 新搬到一个市镇去的高兴劲儿不久就会消失。 The excitement of moving to a new town will soon wear off 3. 恐怕“戒指”的镀金层不久就会磨掉。 I’m afraid the gilt of the ring will wear off before long. Back

  34. New Words 1) be confronted with：to have sth in front of you that you have to deal with or react to 面对（某事物） 1. 如果你要面对你最大的恐惧，你会怎么做？ What would you do if you had to be confronted with your biggest fear? 2. 大多数人遇见马时都会轻松地拍拍它。 Most people when confronted with a horse will pat it. 6. confront Para. 3, Line 16 • 2) confront sb with sth：to make sb. face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation使面对，使面临，使对付（令人不快的人、场合） • 1)他要她在事业和他们两人关系之间作出抉择。 • He confronted her with a choice between her career or their relationship. • 2)我将拿证据和他当面对质。 • I’ll confront him with the evidence. Back

  35. New Words 1) adj. 有能力的，胜任的，称职的 1. 马克证明了自己是一个很能干的经理。 Mark proved to be a very competent manager. 2. 要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。 Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work. 7. competent Para. 3, Line 32 2)adj.having the power to decide sth. 有决定权的 1. 案件已提交给有决定权的机构处理。 The case was referred to a competent authority. Back

  36. New Words coincide [,kəuin'said] with 1) (of two or more events) to take place at the same time同时发生 1. 这次示威活动事先作了精心安排，正好在首相访问时进行。 The demonstration had been carefully stage-managed to coincide with the Prime Minister’s visit. 2. 那次罢工选择在召开政党大会的同一时间举行。 The strike was timed to coincide with the party conference. Para. 6, Line 3 8. coincide with To Be Continued Back

  37. New Words 2)(of ideas, opinions, etc) to be the same or very similar相同；相符；极为相似 1) 我的宗教信仰跟你的不一样 My religious beliefs don’t coincide with yours. 2) 一个人的外貌和他的品质常常不一致。   A person’s appearance doesn’t often coincide with his quality. Back

  38. New Words at the prospect of: at the thought of , at the thinking of想到要 1)她对即将能去巴黎旅行一事高兴万分。 She rejoiced at the prospect of the Paris trip. 2) 她想到要在大庭广众之中讲话心里就发毛。 She quailed at the prospect of addressing such a large crowd.  9. at the prospect of Para. 8, Line 2 Back

  39. New Words 10. breeze Para. 10, Line 7 breeze v. 1) to move in a cheerful and confident way轻松而自信地走 1)她一阵风似的飘然进来，要求我帮她。 She just breezed in and asked me to help. 2) 海伦轻盈地走进了起居室。 Helen breezed into the sitting room. 2)breeze through: to do sth successfully and easily 轻松通过（完成） 1)他轻松顺利地通过了这些测试。 He breezed through the tests. Back

  40. Key to Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentences that best express the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B (2)B (3) A (4) C (5) A Home

  41. Key to Exercises b. Fill in the blanks with the information you have learned in the text. (1) usually a rather profound reaction to fairly significant other differences; in the way people view the world， in the way they think and what they value; travelers from affected regions who showed signs of flu were quarantined; experience culture shock at a superficial level. (2) Excitement and Enthusiasm. Irritability, Adaptation. and Biculturalism: from ethnocentrism to enthnorelativism (3) that people are adjusting when they, without thinking, are doing things which they never thought they could become comfortable with. (4) the high and low feelings that students experience as they go through the various stages of adjustment to culture shock; double negative of culture shock and homesickness. (5) Unconscious Incompetence, Conscious Incompetence. conscious Competence, Unconscious Competence; When they get to the last stage, they have developed an effective ethnorelative world view. Home

  42. Key to Exercises 2.Vocabulary • Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) Ethnocentrism (2) at the prospect of (3) well being (4)competence (5) irritability (6) disorientation (7)incompetence (8) be confronted with (9)frustration (10) verily Home

  43. Key to Exercises 2.Vocabulary b.Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) B (6) D (7) A (8) C (9) A (10) D Home

  44. Key to Exercises 3. Cloze choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only once. Change the form where necessary. • but (2) discomfort (3) new (4) what • (5) For example (6) because (7) how (8) unfamiliar • (9) degree (10) although (11)Usually (12) identify • (13) better (14) First (15) common (16) In addition • (17) When (18) who (19) also (20) that Home

  45. Key to Exercises 4. Translation a. Chinese to English: Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Confucianism has a long history and a profound influence on China's politics, ideology, science, culture and art; it is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. (2) In fact, in producing the product, our production practices in the past and in the future coincide with the requirements of the WTO. To Be Continued Home

  46. Key to Exercises 4. Translation a. Chinese to English: Translate the following sentences into English. (3) Religious and cultural diversity in a globalizing world needs to be used as a promotion of (to promote) social justice, tolerance and understanding, as well as international peace and security, and not as a rationale for a new ideological and political confrontation. (4) The initial period of marriage involves more than accommodating the presence and habits of another person. To Be Continued Home

  47. Key to Exercises 4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following sentences into English. (5) Whether you’ve used the software before or not, you may already be familiar with some of its features, but the new version represents a major milestone in the progression of its development. (6) By default, when you delete files on most Windows systems the files are not really deleted, they are instead moved into the Recycle Bin, so they still take up disk space. To Be Continued Home

  48. Key to Exercises 4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following sentences into English. (7) The effect of the pain-killer will naturally wear off within a few hours, but its advantage is that it has few side effects. (8) Ecological civilization is the only way to global sustainable development, and is the best approach to saving the earth’s ecosystem, and the inevitable choice of human development. Home

  49. Key to Exercises 4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following paragraph into English. It’s my pleasure to write this column about international students at an American business school, from the perspective of an American. Though Yale, and all other top schools, focus on granting a ‘global’ MBA experience, the style of instruction, the classroom environment, and the nuances of school culture are very much American. In speaking to my classmates who come from other countries, particularly China, it seems that three key pillars of the U. S. education experience actually come as a major culture shock: To Be Continued Home

  50. Key to Exercises 4. Translation a. Chinese to English Translate the following paragraph into English. loud and often boisterous in-class discussion; the reliance on teamwork to complete tasks; and the unofficial importance of socializing to build a network within the class. For those who have grown up in the American school system, conforming to these three attributes happens almost subconsciously., Thinking that others may find them surprising or difficult to tackle reveals the unintended limits of my own world view. Home

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