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APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23)

APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23). The world in 1450: Byzantines collapse Ottomans expanding Chinese economy is dominant throughout Eurasia Trade networks – Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Explorers up to this point: Polynesians Vikings Arabs Indians Chinese Geography

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APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23)

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  1. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23) The world in 1450: Byzantines collapse Ottomans expanding Chinese economy is dominant throughout Eurasia Trade networks – Silk Roads, Indian Ocean Explorers up to this point: Polynesians Vikings Arabs Indians Chinese Geography Most “educated” people knew the world was round (since Greek times). Problem was…. Circumference was approximately accurate 28k miles (ish)

  2. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23) • Preconditions necessary for exploration • Peace • Stability • Prosperity ($$$) • Skilled/educated workers • Organized government • If you’ve got these, you’re probably going to take the lead…who had these??? • Portuguese • Spanish • French • British • Dutch

  3. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23) • Motives for European Exploration • God • Religious zeal to spread Christianity to all lands & peoples that were “discovered”. Civilize the ‘inferior heathens’ by introducing them to Christian doctrine. • Glory • Fame and prestige that accompanied ownership of overseas territories would translate to increased power & influence back home for the “mother countries” • Gold • Promise of riches beyond anyone’s wildest imagination. Gold, Silver, cash crops promised incredible wealth for the mother countries.

  4. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23) • Technology • Ships & Sails • Sternpost rudder • Sturdy ships • Square & Lateen sails • “Tacking” • Navigational aids • Compasses (Chinese) & astrolabes (Arabs) • Cross staffs & Back staffs • Knowledge of winds & currents • Wind wheels

  5. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23) • The Trading Companies: • Europeans learned how to sail & return from their voyages and then set about figuring out how to profit from the lands they had “discovered” • Portuguese, British, & Dutch all initially set up ‘trading-post empires’ (goal was domination of trade, not direct control) • Beginnings of the ‘Joint-Stock Company’ • European governments would go into business with groups of private investors in order to fund these ventures. • Idea was to distribute/minimize risk and benefit from potential profit • Best-known examples are the British East India Company (BEIC) and the United East India Company (VOC) I hate those guys!

  6. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23) • The Columbian Exchange: • Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals from Europe to the Americas

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  9. APWH: Transoceanic Encounters (T&E Chapter 23)

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