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Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions. and, or, nor, but, for, yet , so These are used for joining independent clauses (clauses that can stand alone as sentences) They are preceded by a comma! He was hungry , and he ate a sandwich . Subordinating Conjunctions.

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Coordinating Conjunctions

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  1. Coordinating Conjunctions and, or, nor, but, for, yet , so These are used for joining independent clauses (clauses that can stand alone as sentences) They are preceded by a comma! He was hungry, and he ate a sandwich.

  2. Subordinating Conjunctions • As, because, just as, while, whereas, since, unless, though, although, even though, if, as if, as though, in case, before, until, after, when • These clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences. When they are in the middle of the sentence, they are preceded by a comma. • He didn’t go to school because he was sick. • Because he was sick, he didn’t go to school.

  3. To Join Independent Clauses • There are several options • Use a coordinating conjunction He was hungry, so he ate a sandwich. • Use a semicolon He was hungry; he ate a sandwich. • Use a colon • Use a dash • Rewrite sentence entirely

  4. Semicolon: Avoid the Comma Splice • See Easy Writer page 115 • Use the semicolon to combine two complete clauses. He was tired; he hadn’t slept all night. • Aldrich loves to talk about her mother; however, she also talks about herself. • Use the semicolon with the transitional phrases such as “after all, for example” • Use the semicolon with the conjunctive adverbs such as “however, moreover, nevertheless”

  5. The Dreaded Run-On Sentence • The run-on sentence happens when two independent clauses are not joined correctly. “Air pollution poses risks to all humans, for example, it can be deadly for asthma sufferers.” • Comma with coordinating conjunction • Semicolon (possibly colon or dash) 3. Make two separate sentences.

  6. Colon • Use the colon to introduce a list • Use the colon to introduce an extended quotation • Use a colon to introduce an example or to illustrate something from the first half of the sentence. • Life for college students involves numerous challenges: adjusting to a new location, making new friends, and taking rigorous classes.

  7. Dash (Double Hypen) • The dash can be used between independent clauses, or to introduce a fragment. • The dash is spontaneous and jaunty • The dash usually sets off material “that deserves special emphasis.” SeeChapter 24 in Easy Writer “Within days, I could distinguish letters and my vision became that of an eagle--I could see a worm wriggling a block away.” -- EM Dash Emphasis Dash

  8. Dash, continued • A dash can also be used to set off part of a sentence that could be set off with commas or parenthesis. • “We had no shower--just a galvanized tub that we stored in the kitchen--until we moved down Rat Tail Road and into Doc Wolverton’s house, in 1954. (Gates, page 56)

  9. Your Turn • Write one sentence using a colon as illustration or introduction • Write one sentence using a dash for emphasis

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